改土归流与湖广土家族地区的国家认同研究

“Gai-Tu-Gui-Liu”Policy and National Identity of the Tujia Areas in Hunan and Hubei Provinces

雍正时期,清政府对湖广土家族地区实行改土归流。改土归流是土家族地区国家认同不断深化的结果,改土归流促进了土家族地区的国家认同。改土归流虽是中央王朝主导的,以流官取代土司管理民族地方的变革过程,但土民在改土归流中的主体地位不容忽视,王朝的主导作用和土民的主体作用合力推动了改土归流的进程。改土归流后,土司贵族与中央王朝的"家国同构"演变为土民之家与中央王朝的"家国同构"。政治认同、经济认同是土家族地区国家认同的重要表现形式,文化认同则是土家族地区国家认同的核心。

In the Qing dynasty, the government during the reign of Yongzheng carried out ＂gai-tu-gui-liu＂ policy in the Tujia areas of Hunan and Hubei Provinces. ＂Gai-tu-gui-liu＂ policy was the result of deepening of national identity which promoted the national identity in the Tujia areas. Though ＂Gai-tu-gui-liu＂ policy was led by the central government in this dynasty, the role of the Tujia residents played in ＂Gai-tu-gui-liu＂ was not ignored. Therefore, both the leading role of the central dynasty and the body role of the Tujia residents promoted the change process of ＂Gai-tu-gui-liu＂ policy. After ＂Gai-tu-gui-liu＂, the same structure between the Tusi noble and central dynasty evolved into the same structure between the Tujia residents and central dynasty. On the whole, political and economic identity were the important forms of national identity, while cultural identity was the core of national identity.