171例自杀案件的法医学分析

Forensic Analysis of 171 Suicide Cases

目的自杀作为一个严重的公共安全问题,对社会稳定造成极大负面影响。本文分析昆明市某区自杀案件特征,为有关部门建立有效预防自杀机制和采取有效预防措施提供科学依据。方法通过收集昆明市某区2010年1月至2015年11月发生的确定为自杀死亡的案件171例,对自杀者基本情况、自杀原因、自杀方式等进行回顾性分析。结果昆明市某区近6 a自杀人数总体上呈S形图,呈微弱上升趋势,男女比例为1.40∶1;自杀原因依次为有精神疾病史及精神障碍表现者、生理疾病、家庭纠纷、情感纠纷和与他人纠纷;自杀方式依次为服毒、自缢、高坠、溺水、自刎或割腕;自杀时间主要分布于秋季(8～10月)和夏季(5～7月)。结论自杀人群以有精神疾病史及精神障碍表现人群居多,自杀方式多采用服毒。在建立预防自杀机制、制定干预自杀的有效措施时应该特别重视有精神疾病史及精神障碍表现人群和加强对毒药物的有效管理。

Objective As a serious public safety issue,suicide has a great negative impact on social stability. This paper analyzes the characteristics of suicide cases in a district of Kunming,and provides scientific basis for the relevant departments to establish an effective mechanism to prevent suicide and take effective preventive measures. Methods 171 cases confirmed suicide deaths from January 2010 to November 2015 in a district of Kunming were retrospectively analyzed by the basic situations,suicide reasons and methods of suicide. Results In the past six years,the number of suicides,on the whole,has been shown as an S-shaped graph,with a slight upward trend. And the gender ratio was 1. 40 ： 1. The suicide causes included mental illness,physical illness,emotional disputes,family disputes,and dispute with others in turn. And the suicide patterns were taking poisons,self-hanging,high dropping,drowning and selfdeceased or wrist-cutting. The time of suicide were mainly distributed in the fall（ from August to October）and summer（ from May to July）. Conclusion Suicide populations are mostly with mental illness or disorders. Suicides are mostly poisoned. When establishing a suicide prevention mechanism and formulating effective measures to intervene suicide,special attention should be given to people with history of mental illness or disorders,and effective management of toxic drugs should be taken.