AM真菌与作物秸秆对土壤养分和植物生长的影响

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Straw on Soil Nutrients and Plant Growth

研究表明一些适当的农艺措施配合接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌技术可发挥更大的生理生态作用,而作物秸秆还田并接种AM真菌对土壤矿质养分和有机质含量以及对作物生长发育的效应了解不多。本研究目的是在盆栽条件下对土壤施加小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆或三叶草秸秆后接种AM真菌摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme和根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices,以评价其对土壤养分含量和栽培作物绿豆Vigna radiata、黑麦草Lolium perenne和狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides生长的影响。结果表明,土壤中添加供试秸秆并接种AM真菌处理均能不同程度的增加土壤养分和供试植物的生物量,其中,以施用三叶草秸秆种植绿豆并接种摩西斗管囊霉处理的菌根着生率、土壤铵态氮、速效钾和有机质含量最高,土壤速效钾(253mg/kg)和有机质(3%)的平均含量分别是不接种处理的2.5倍和1.3倍;并显著提高了绿豆的株高、鲜重和干重。结论认为施用三叶草秸秆种植绿豆并接种摩西斗管囊霉技术组合可提高土壤肥力和促进作物生长,在改良土壤增加作物生产等方面具有应用潜力。

Studies have shown that some appropriate agronomic measures combined with arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM）fungal inoculation techniques can play a larger physiological and ecological role,while little was known about the influences of plant straw addition with AM fungal inoculation on soil fertility and crop growth.The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of addition of wheat straw,corn straw and clover straw with sowing Vigna radiata,Lolium perenne and Pennisetum alopecuroides inoculated with AM fungi Funneliformis mosseae,Glomus versiforme and Rhizophagus intraradices on mineral nutrient and organic matter contents in the soil,and on the crop growth.Results show that the addition of straw in the soil and the inoculation of AM fungi could increase the contents of soil nutrients and the biomass of the tested plants in different degrees,among them,the treatment of clover straw application in planting V.radiate inoculated with F.mosseae gave the greatest mycorrhizal colonization percentage,contents of ammonium nitrogen,available potassium,and organic matter in soil,while the soil available potassium（253 mg/kg）and organic matter（3%）was 2.5 and 1.3 times greater than that of the uninoculated control;and the plant height,fresh weight,and dry weight of V.radiate were significantly improved.It is concluded that the integrated technique of V.radiate added with clover straw and inoculated with F.mosseae should improve soil fertility and crop growth,with a great application potential and development prospects.