南水北调中线工程水权交易实践探析

Study on the practices of water rights trading in South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project

由于地区经济社会发展不均衡,配套工程建设与主体工程建设不同步,南水北调中线用水指标初始分配与实际用水需求存在不匹配现象。通过水权交易可以对初始用水指标进行再优化配置,实现沿线地区水资源供需平衡,充分发挥工程的综合效益。南水北调中线工程基础条件完备,具备开展水权交易的必要条件。水利部与河南省政府共同开展了南水北调跨区域水权交易试点。通过实践探索,试点取得了良好的成效,为其他大型调水工程开展跨区域水权交易提供了可借鉴的经验;同时,试点也反映了一些深层次问题,需要在后续工作中研究解决。平顶山市与新密市之间开展的水量交易具有较强的引导和示范作用。南水北调中线水权交易市场潜力巨大,通过扩大交易规模、创新交易形式、建立激励约束机制,有助于推动水权交易加快发展。

Because of the imbalance of regional economic and social development and the asynchrony between the construction of supporting projects and that of the main project,there is a mismatch between the initial allocation of water quotas and the actual water demand in the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion（SNWD）.Through the water rights trading,the initial water quotas can be reallocated,so as to realize the balance of water supply and demand in the areas along the project and bring out the best comprehensive benefits of the project.The basic conditions of the Middle Route Project of SNWD are complete,so the necessary requirements for water rights trading have been fulfilled.The Ministry of Water Resources and the Henan provincial government jointly launched a pilot project of trans-regional water rights trading of SNWD.Through practical exploration,the pilot project produced good effects and provided important water rights trading experience for other large water diversion projects.Meanwhile,the pilot project also revealed some deep-seated problems which need to be studied and solved in the future.The water rights trading between Pingdingshan and Xinmi has a good guidance and demonstration effect.The market potential of water rights trading in the Middle Route Project of SNWD is huge.By expanding the scale of trading,creating new trading forms and establishing incentive and restraint mechanisms,the government can promote the rapid development of water rights trading.