高强度动静刺激诱发活化后增能可否提升肌肉爆发力?

Can post-activation potentiation induced by high-intensity dynamic and static kinetotherapies enhance muscle explosive power?

背景:近年来许多研究发现高强度热身运动,可提高随后的爆发力运动表现,此现象称为活化后增能作用,但就如何获取最佳增能效应的训练处方并不十分清楚。目的:探索高强度动静刺激介入能否诱发增能从而提升上、下肢力量效果,并将两者进行比较,以增进选手及教练对高强度热身运动的了解,从而达到提升训练与比赛时的实际效果。方法:检索Ovid Medline、Elsevier SDOL、Pub Med以及中文电子期刊数据库2016年前有关高强度动、静态训练诱发肌肉活化后增能,从而达到提升上、下肢爆发力及随后的运动表现等方面相关中、英文文献,再依照牛津大学实证医学中心医学文献证据等级分类标准进行分类。结果与结论:(1)产生活化后增能作用现象的可能机制包括肌凝蛋白调节轻链磷酸化、提升运动单位招募以及羽状角度改变;(2)适当的动态、静态及动静结合等高阻力运动模式能显著诱发活化后增能作用现象,改善随后短时间的爆发力表现;(3)活化后增能作用现象受肌肉收缩类型、运动量、强度、诱发恢复时间、受试者背景(有无训练经验、绝对肌力与肌纤维组成)等诸多因素影响;(4)活化后增能作用高强度刺激可能伴随着疲劳的产生,恢复时间不佳可能造成无法完善发挥活化后增能作用功效。

BACKGROUND： Increasing evidence has shown that high-intensity warming up, including dynamic and static kinetotherapies, can improve the performance of muscle explosive power. However, the training scheme toachieve the best effect remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： To discuss whether the high-intensity dynamic and static kinetotherapies can enhance post-activation potentiation of the upper and lower limbs, so as to fully understand the high-intensity warming up, and thus promote the training efficacy. METHODS： Ovid Medline, Elsevier SDOL, Pub Med, and CBJ databases were retrieved for the articles addressing the post-activation potentiation of high-intensity dynamic and static kinetotherapies published before 2016. The articles were classified in accordance with Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The possible mechanisms of the post-activation potentiation include the phosphorylation of myosin regulation light chain, the increase in motor unit recruitment as well as the change of pinnate angle. The resistance exercise at an appropriate mode, including dynamic, static, and dynamic combined with static, significantly induces post-activation potentiation, and improves the explosive force. Post-activation potentiation is impacted by muscle contraction type, amount of exercise, exercise intensity, induction time, and history of the subjects（training experience, absolute muscle force, and muscle fiber composition）. High-intensity stimulus of post-activation potentiation may be accompanied by the generation of fatigue, and the inappropriate recovery time may result in the imperfect performance of post-activation potentiation.