板蓝根田节肢动物群落的结构与多样性研究

Structure and diversity of arthropod community in Isatis indigotica field

为了解河南省板蓝根田节肢动物群落的结构组成及物种多样性,该研究采用5点随机取样,通过网捕法和目测法调查并记录了板蓝根植株及地面上的节肢动物种类和数量。结果表明:河南省板蓝根田节肢动物群落物种丰富,共采集到2 613头,隶属于2纲10目39科61种。其中,植食性种类和捕食性种类均为24种(各占39.34%),寄生性种类4种(占6.56%),中性种类9种(占14.75%)。蜘蛛的种类占群落总种数的比例最高(为21.31%),表明田间的蜘蛛种类最丰富。鳞翅目物种的个体数量远大于其他的目,占群落个体数的43.78%。菜青虫和小菜蛾的相对丰盛度最高,分别为0.184 8和0.162 6,说明二者是河南省板蓝根田的优势害虫。捕食性集团的均匀度指数最高,寄生性集团的优势度指数最高,其中小菜蛾幼虫的寄生性天敌菜蛾盘绒茧蜂的数量最大。

In order to understand the arthropod community structure and diversity in Isatis indigotica field of HenanProvince, five-point random sampling was used and the species and numbers of arthropods on plants and ground were in-vestigated and recorded by net-trapping and visual methods. The results showed that the arthropod species wereabundant. There were 2 613 arthropod individuals collected from the field belonging to two classes, ten orders, 39 fami-lies and 61 species. Among them, phytophagous group and predatory group all had 24 species （39.34%）, four species（6.56%） were classified as parasitoids and nine species （14.75%） were classified as neutrals. The species number ofAraneida species were the largest, accounting for 21.31%, which indicated that Araneida species were the most abun-dant. The individual of Lepidoptera was much larger than that of other orders, accounting for 43.78% of the total numberof individuals. The relative abundances of Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella were 0.184 8 and 0.162 6, respectively,which showed the two species were dominant pests in Isatis indigotica field of Henan Province. It was found that theevenness index of the predatory group was the highest. The dominance index of the parasitoid group was the highest, inwhich the number of Cotesia vestalis, main parasitic wasps of Plutella xylostella, was the most. It is first time that the ar-thropod community in Isatis indigotica field of Henan Province was investigated and reported.