心理弹性视阈下受心理虐待幼儿的精准教育支持研究

A Study of Precise Educational Support for Children with Psychological Abuse from the Perspective of the Psychological Elasticity

幼儿受心理虐待发生频率较高,恐吓是最常见的心理虐待类型,影响幼儿受心理虐待的相关因素包括幼儿自身特征、家长期望的合理表达、家长的教养方式等。心理虐待的危害具有内隐性且影响深远,不仅会对幼儿情绪、社会交往行为等带来负面影响,而且对青少年期以及成年后的社会生活起着隐蔽的消极作用。但部分受心理虐待幼儿心理中的保护性因素战胜了危险性因素即心理虐待,其心理能朝着积极方面发展。故以心理弹性为视阈,可通过增加家庭保护性因素和幼儿园保护性因素,提高幼儿的心理弹性来帮助受心理虐待幼儿走出危险期。基于此,家长应注重培养幼儿强健的体质和坚强的意志品质,完善自身的教养方式;幼师应促进幼儿同伴交往,构建良好的师幼关系。

The occurrence rate of young children’spsychological abuse is high,and intimidation is the mostcommon type of psychological abuse. The related factors that affect the psychological abuse of young children in.clude the characteristics of young children themselves,the parents’reasonable expectation,parental rearing pat.terns and so on. The dangers of psychological abuse are both implicit and far-reaching. They not only have a neg.ative impact on children’s emotions and social interaction behaviors,but also have a covert negative effect on thesocial life of adolescents and adults. However,the protective factors of some of the children withpsychology abuseovercome the psychological abuse,and their psychology can develop in a positive way. Therefore,from the per.spective of the psychological elasticityfamily protection factors and kindergarten protective factorscan be in.creased to improve the psychological resilience of psychologically abused children to help them out of the danger.ous period. In addition,parents should pay attention to cultivation of young children’s strong physique andstrong will quality,and improvement of their own mode of education.kindergarten teachers should promote inter.action between children and build a good relationship between teachers and children.