昆虫的扑翼轨迹及高升力机理

Flapping Wing Trajectory and Lift Mechanism of Insects

通过昆虫飞行运动学测试系统测试了约束状态下蜻蜓、独角仙和鸣鸣蝉等3种昆虫飞行时的各项参数,分析了1个周期的扑翼过程、扑翼轨迹和翅膀变形等。蜻蜓的扑翼频率为22±3 Hz,独角仙的扑翼频率为30±5 Hz,鸣鸣蝉的扑翼频率为39±6 Hz;蜻蜓的翼尖轨迹为"8"字形,独角仙为类"8"字形,鸣鸣蝉为椭圆形;发现在下扑和仰旋阶段,翅膀形状近似为伞状,这种伞状效应能有效提高升力。研究昆虫飞行不同拍翅模式下的升力特性对微型飞行器的机动飞行设计有参考意义。

Flight parameters of tethered dragonflies（ Anax goliathus）,Hercules beetles（ Allomyrina dichotoma）,and cicadas（ Oncotympane maculaticollis） are measured by insects flight kinematics measurement system.The flapping trajectory of wing tip,deformation of wing are analyzed in the process of the flapping. The result shows that the wings＇ flapping frequency of dragonflies,Hercules beetles,and cicadas are 22±3,30±5 and 39±6 Hz,respectively. Furthermore,the flapping trajectory of dragonflies is ″8″ shape,beetles＇ s is similar to ″8″shape and cicadas＇ s is ellipse shape. In the process of down-stroke and supination when insects flapping,the structure of the wing looks like umbrella-shaped. The umbrella-shaped mode can raise the lift force effectively.The study of insects＇ wings flapping mode can inspire the design of man-made micro-air vehicle（ MAV）.