水稻灭茬机扶茬机构设计与试验

Design and experiment of lifting mechanism of rice stubble cleaner

【目的】解决水稻灭茬机作业时,驱动轮容易将高留茬压倒,引起轮辙处倒茬多,导致水稻秸秆粉碎效果不理想的问题。【方法】研发了一种具有扶禾功能的水稻灭茬机,利用固接于扶茬轮轴上的"L"型扶指,采用扶茬轮轴和粉碎轮轴双侧带轮分流传动方式,实现前置扶茬系统与后置粉碎系统配合作业,使水稻秸秆倒伏的留茬被扶起后立即喂入粉碎室。采用正交设计试验验证灭茬机的田间性能。【结果】水稻灭茬机的前进速度、扶辊转速和扶指宽度均对水稻秸秆粉碎率有显著影响。田间试验的结果表明,机具工作参数的最佳组合为前进速度5.38 km·h^(–1)、扶辊转速160 r·min^(–1)和扶指宽度50 mm,该组合的水稻秸秆粉碎效果最好,粉碎率达到92.52%。【结论】该扶茬机结构简单,对水稻秸秆的扶茬粉碎效果好,在实际生产中能够提升高留茬稻秆的粉碎效率。

【Objective】To solve the problem that when rice stubble cleaner operates, its driving wheels easily roll down high remaining stubbles, causing many lodged stubbles on the wheel track and poor crushing effect.【Method】A rice stubble cleaner with lifting function was developed in this paper. This machine adopted Lshaped rake finger of stalk lifter fixed on the stubble-lifting shaft, and a shunting transmission mode of stubblelifting shaft and crushing shaft on both sides, so that the front stubble-lifting system and the rear crushing system cooperated with each other to enable lodged remaining stubbles to be lifted and immediately put into the crushing chamber. The field performance of this stubble cleaner was tested based on an orthogonal design.【Result】The forward speed, rotational speed of roller and width of lifting finger of rice stubble cleaner had significant impact on stubble crushing rate. The optimum combination of working parameters of this equipment was that the forward speed was 5.38 km·h^（–1）, the rotational speed of roller was 160 r·min^（–1） and the width of lifting finger was 8 cm. The crushing effect of this combination was the best and crushing rate reached 92.52%.【Conclusion】This lifting mechanism is simple and its lifting and crushing effects are good. This stubble cleaner can improve crushing efficiency of high remaining rice stubbles in actual production.