黄淮麦区小麦品种和CIMMYT材料的矮秆基因型及其对株高和胚芽鞘的影响

Dwarf Genotype of Wheat from Huang-Huai River Wheat Area and CIMMYT and Their Effects on Plant Height and Coleoptile Length

为促进矮秆基因在小麦品种遗传改良中的应用,以131份黄淮麦区小麦品种和31份CIMMYT(国际玉米小麦改良中心)小麦材料为研究对象,用分子标记检测Rht-B1a、Rht-B1b、Rht-D1a、Rht-D1b和Rht8等小麦矮秆基因,并结合赤霉素处理,分析了供试材料所含矮秆基因类型及其对株高和胚芽鞘长度的影响。结果表明,供试材料中,63份含有矮秆基因Rht-B1b,66份含有矮秆基因Rht-D1b,105份含有矮秆基因Rht8,分别占供试材料的38.88%、40.74%和64.81%。黄淮麦区小麦品种大多数含有矮秆基因Rht-D1b,CIMMYT小麦中大多数含有矮秆基因Rht-B1b。赤霉素处理结果显示,供试小麦材料中,有52份对赤霉素敏感,占被检测材料的32.09%。该批材料中,矮秆基因Rht-D1b和Rht8的降秆效应最大,Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的降秆效应分别是14.69%和17.74%,各基因组合的降秆效应表现为Rht-D1b+Rht8>Rht-D1b>Rht-B1b+Rht8>Rht-B1b>Rht8。同时含有矮秆基因Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的材料缩短胚芽鞘长度的效应最强,缩短效应为26.20%,缩短胚芽鞘长度的效应表现为Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b>Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b+Rht8>Rht-D1b>Rht-D1b+Rht8>Rht-B1b>Rht-B1b+Rht8>Rht8。基于以上结果,矮秆基因Rht8能够在降低小麦材料株高的同时不影响胚芽鞘长度,因此应重视其在矮化育种中的应用。

To promote the application of dwarf genes in genetic improvement of wheat cultivars,131 main cultivars from Huang-Huai River wheat area and 31 CIMMYT（International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center）wheat materials were tested with the molecular markers of Rht-B1 a,Rht-B1 b,Rht-D1 a,Rht-D1 band Rht8,combined with the GA3 treatments,and the types of dwarf genes and their effects on plant height and coleoptile length were analyzed.The results showed that 63 materials contain Rht-B1 bgene;66 materials contain Rht-D1 bgene;and 105 materials contain Rht8 gene,accounting for 38.88%,40.74% and 64.81%,respectively.Rht-B1 bhad been utilized with the higher percentage in the 31 CIMMYT wheat materials,while Rht-D1 bhad been utilized with the higher percentage in the main varieties Huang-Huai River wheat area.Tests on response to GA3 of these materi-als revealed that 52 materials were sensitive to GA3,accounting for 32.09%.Rht-D1 band Rht8 had the strongest effect on reducing plant height,and the effects of Rht-B1 b and Rht-D1 b on reducing plant height were 14.69% and 17.74%,respectively.The height reducing capability of different dwarfing genes ranged as Rht-D1 b＋Rht8〉Rht-D1 b〉Rht-B1 b＋Rht8〉Rht-B1 b〉Rht8.Rht-B1 b and Rht-D1 bhad the strongest effect on shortening coleoptile length,accounting for 26.20%.The coleoptile length shorting capability of different dwarfing genes ranged as Rht-B1 b＋Rht-D1 b〉Rht-B1 b＋Rht-D1 b＋Rht8〉Rht-D1 b〉Rht-D1 b＋Rht8〉Rht-B1 b〉Rht-B1 b＋Rht8〉Rht8.To summarize,the dwarfing gene Rht8 shorten the plant height largely and had no effect on the coleoptiles length.More attention should be given to its application of dwarfing breeding.