5Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. National patient safety goals [EB/OL]. [2011 - 01 - 19]. http:// www. Jcacbo. org/accredited organizations/ patient q- safety/ hospital.
6JCI. Joint Commission international accreditation standards for hospital[M], the 3rd edition. Chicago: Department of Publication of Joint Commission Resources,2008:1 -3.
7Simpson K,Kautzman L,Dodd S. The effect of a pain management education program on the knowledge level and attitudes of clinical staff[J]. Pain Management Nursing, 2002,3 (3) : 87 - 93.
8World Health Organization. Achieving balance in national opioids control policy[R]. Geneva : WHO, 2000 : 23.
9David AC. Assessment of acute and chronic pain[J]. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine,2005,6(1) : 14 - 15.
