中国医疗保障制度发展的历史演进(1949年～1978年)——兼论医疗保障政策史

Historical Evolution of the Development of Chinese Medical Insurance System(1949~1978):Discussion on the History of Health Care Policy

1949年~1978年这一历史阶段,受计划经济管理的影响,中国医疗保障制度建设始终未能走向现代医疗保障制度发展的道路。但改革开放前中国医疗保障制度却以"低水平、广覆盖"为原则,在经济发展水平较低的历史时期,树立了世界初级卫生保健榜样的形象。从新中国建立到改革开放前,城市医疗保障建立在公费医疗和劳保医疗两大制度之上,在农村则由农民自发创举了农村合作医疗制度。

During the historical stage between 1949~1978,upon the influence of the planned economy,China＇s medical insurance system has failed to direct the institutional change towards the road of modern health care system.However,before the reform and opening up period,China＇s medical insurance system has been a role model for the world in primary health care thanks to its ＂low level,wide coverage＂principle during the period of low level of economic development.Between the period of the founding of People＇s Republic of China to reform and opening up,urban health care was built on two systems including public healthcare and labor insurance,whereas in rural areas,farmers created the＂rural cooperative medical care system＂by themselves.