论越南诗人阮秉谦《白云庵诗集》中的唐音宋调

On Styles of Tang and Song Dynasties in Collected Poems of Baiyun Villa by Vietnamese Poet Ruan Bingqian

阮秉谦是越南汉诗史上的关键人物,他近百年的人生展现了越南典型的儒家知识分子的生活轨迹,他的《白云庵诗集》是中国古代汉语诗歌向越南传播以后结出的硕果,反映了中国古典诗学传统在越南的积淀。阮秉谦使越南诗歌的组合形式多样化,扩展了组诗的规模,其组诗注重篇章连缀的整体效用和各组成部分之间的起承转合与相互勾连,成为了越南第一位充分发展组诗的诗人。同时,他的诗歌意象具有唐人之风。作为理学诗人,阮秉谦诗歌言志明理的倾向非常鲜明,他描摹景物超越了普通诗人情景合一的艺术境界,以自己的创作实践了宋代理学诗人景理合一的诗学取向。越南早期的汉诗曾普遍地受到唐诗的影响,直到阮秉谦的出现,才真正完成了从唐音向宋调的转变。阮秉谦还频频化用中国诗歌名句,并将越南咏物诗的题材往日常化、生活化方面进行了极大拓展。

Ruan Bingqian,whose experience showed the typical portrayal of Vietnamese Confucian intellectuals in his life of nearly a hundred years,is a key figure in the history of Chinese poetry in Vietnam.Reflecting the accumulation of Chinese classical poetics tradition in Vietnam,his work,Collected Poems of Baiyun Villa,is rooted in ancient Chinese poetic tradition.He is the first to develop group poems in Vietnam because he pushed the Vietnamese poetry diverse and extended the group poems which focused on integrity and coherence in each part.At the same time,his poetry has the features of Tang style.As a Lixue poet,he was good at expressing his philosophic ideas in scenery depiction,and his accomplishment was better than ordinary poets in merging emotions and spectacles.As a result,he achieved a great success in poetic orientation of emotions and spectacles dated form the Song dynasty in his works.The early Chinese poetry in Vietnam was generally influenced by Tang poems,and its transition from Tang to Song was not truly finished until the appearance of Ruan Bingqian,who frequently cited China＇s famous poems and developed Vietnamese chant poems in an ordinary and daily way.