侵权损害完全赔偿原则之新阐释

New Interpretation of the Principle of Complete Compensation for Infringement Damage

传统侵权在损害赔偿领域遵循完全赔偿原则,运用"差额说"的损害计算方法,以"全有全无"的方式来确定损害。随着新型侵权的出现和社会价值理念的转变,传统侵权理论开始被不断的质疑,对损害的规范性评价呼声越来越高。学界利用"概率因果关系理论""损害酌减制度"和"动态系统论"开始对完全原则展开批判,认为应当重构损害赔偿原则。检讨之后,不难发现,"动态系统论"因为其自身的缺陷,难以堪当建构的重任,而"概率因果关系理论"也仅仅是完全赔偿原则的内部修正,"损害额酌减制度"则是公法和自然法对侵权法的介入,其本身并未对完全赔偿原则产生冲击。我国侵权法解释论上,应当在坚持侵权法补偿功能的基础上,通过原则性条款和案例指导制度。

Traditional infringements follow the principle of complete compensation in the area of damage compensation. When the damage calculation method of ＂balance＂is used,damage is determined in an ＂all-ornothing＂approach. With the emergence of new types of infringement and changes in the concept of social values,the traditional tort theory has been constantly questioned,and the call for normative evaluation of damage has become increasingly demanding. The academic circles began to criticize the principle of completeness by using probabilistic causation theory,damage reduction system and dynamic system theory,and believed that the principle of damage compensation should be reconstructed. Through the review of the traditional methods,it is not difficult to find that the dynamic system theory is difficult to be constructed because of its own defects. The theory of probability and causation is only an internal revision of the principle of complete compensation. The system of damage reduction is the comparison between public law and natural law. The involvement of the tort law does not have an impact on the principle of complete compensation. In terms of the interpretation of tort law in China,we should,on the basis of insisting on the tort law＇s compensation function,adopt a principle clause and a case guidance system to reposition the principle of complete compensation in order to improve civil justice.