由认知域解读军事术语的语义翻译路径——以air的翻译为例

Semantic Paths of Military Term Translation Based on Cognitive Domains: Case Study on “Air”

军语是表达军事概念的术语,军语的认知体系不同使得军语翻译难度很大。文章以《美国军事术语解读词典》中air术语群的翻译词条为语料,从认知语义学的视角探讨军语在认知基本域中的语义翻译路径及其理据。翻译军语时,译者需明确军语的空间域、动作域和战争域三个基本认知域内语义的不同特征,继而通过语义认知域路径识别、遵循认知域规范选词、结合军事知识结构确认等步骤进行翻译。

Military terms are words that express military concepts in a systematic way. The differences between the source military term systems and its counterpart in the target language set obstacles for translation, especially in the perspective of cognitive understanding. The translation of ＂air＂involved military terms from A Penetrated Dictionary of United States Military Terms are used as examples in this paper to illustrate the semantic translation paths and the possible reasons in the military term translation process from the perspective of cognitive domains. While translating military terms,translators should understand and identify the general semantic connotations of military terms in the three different cognitive domains,i. e.,space domain,action domain and war domain;and then should choose the proper diction based on path matching,and finally examine and revise according to military knowledge system.