美国国家动物卫生实验室网络组建与发展现状

Construction and Development Status of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network of America

2002年,为提升动物外来病入侵和生物恐怖袭击的应对能力,美国以联邦、州立和大学动物卫生诊断实验室为基础,组建了国家动物卫生实验室网络(NAHLN)。十多年来,NAHLN几乎覆盖了美国所有公立动物疫病诊断实验室,网络体系趋于完善;通过联邦和各州持续投资,NAHLN实验室强化了生物安全设施、标准化快检技术、质量体系、电子报告系统、人员素质和应急监测预案等6方面建设,能力大幅提升;按照早发现、快反应、有序恢复(无疫)的理念,设置了风险监测、应急监测、无疫监测3种模式,对10余种优先防范和控制病种实施分类监测,在发现疫情和证实无疫方面发挥了重要作用,HANLN的名字由此得到了美国政府、国会和行业的认可。同时,HANLN也面临着经费支持不足、被动监测组织性不够等问题。

In 2002,for the purpose of ensuring a rapid response to exotic animal diseases and bio-terrorist events,the National Animal Health Laboratory Network（NAHLN）of the United States of America was established on the basis of federal,state and university-associated animal health laboratories.During the past 16 years,NAHLN has covered almost all the publicly funded animal health laboratories of USA,and the framework of the NAHLN has gradually become perfect.Furthermore,with the ongoing federal funding and state support,NAHLN laboratories have consolidated the construction in 6 aspects consisting of bio-safety facilities,standardized rapid detection technologies,quality system,electronic reporting system,personnel quality and emergency response plan,hence the detection ability has been promoted greatly.According to the concept of early discovery,rapid response,and orderly recovery（free from epidemic）,3 models consisting of risk surveillance,emergency surveillance,and disease-free surveillance have been established.Then classification-based surveillance was conducted towards over 10 kinds of diseases having priority in prevention and control,which played a crucial role in discovering the disease and verifying disease-free status.Thereout,the name of＂HANLN＂has been acknowledged by the USA government,Parliament and the related industry.At the same time,HANLN was also faced with problems such as the insufficient funding support,the inadequate organization of passive surveillance,and so on.