论体育学在高等教育领域的学科认同与我国体育学发展的3种可能——基于对6个国家50所高校的考察

The Discipline Identification of Sport Science in Higher Education and Three Possibilities for the Development of Sport Science in China——Based on the Investigation of 50 Universities in 6 Countries

学科认同是体育学发展的根基也是元理论研究领域的一个重要命题。运用文献资料研究和逻辑分析方法,通过对中国、德国、美国、法国、英国和日本6个国家的学科目录和50所代表性高校的考察,对当今高等教育领域中体育学的学科认同问题进行辨析。研究认为:体育学在高等教育领域已经初步获得了学科认同,成绩与问题共存。具体表现:1)除美国外的世界主要国家普遍在学科目录中独立设置了体育学,并给予了较高的学科地位;2)体育学在世界各高校普遍具有独立的院系建制,拥有本硕博完整的人才培养体系,学位类别兼顾专业型与学术型;3)体育学尚未取得国际统一的学科名称,仅在单个国家内部获得了统一;4)锻炼与健康专业已成为发达国家体育学人才培养的中心,各国对体育院系归属问题的认识尚未统一。基于对体育学国际发展态势的把握,结合我国当前实际,提出中国体育学今后发展的3种可能:1)体育学人才培养将继续以体育教师为中心,体育教育专业内涵将向锻炼与健康转变;2)运动医学在体育学学科体系中地位的持续提升;3)体育学将会突破教育学的领地,实践和凸显其跨学科特征。

Discipline identification is the foundation of the development of sport science and also an important proposition in the field of meta-theory research.By using the method of literature and logical analysis,this paper analyzes the discipline identity of sport science today in the field of higher education through the study of Chinese,Germany,the United States,France,Britain and Japan 6 countries discipline catalogue and 50 representative universities.According to the research,sport science has initially gained academic recognition in the field of higher education.The specific performance is as follows：1）the major countries in the world,except the United States,generally set up sport science independently in the subject catalogue and gave higher status to the subject.2）sports science generally has an independent college system in all colleges and universities around the world,with a complete personnel training system for the bachelor,master and doctor degree,both professional and academic degrees type.3）Sport science has not yet obtained the internationally unified discipline name,which has been unified only within a single country;4）the major of physical exercise and health has become the center of sport science talents training in developed countries,different countries have not yet unified their understanding of the ownership of sports departments.Based on the grasp of the international development trend of sport science,combined with China＇s current reality,the three possibilities of the future development of Chinese sport science are put forward：1）the sport science talents training will continue to focus on physical education teachers,physical education major connotation turn to exercise and health;2）continuous improvement of the status of sports medicine in the discipline system of sport science;3）physical education will break through the domain of pedagogy,practice and highlight its interdisciplinary characteristics.