“321”健康教育模式在降低社区高龄老年卧床患者压疮风险中的应用效果

Application of ‘321’ Health Education Model in Preventing Pressure Ulcer among Elderly Bedridden Patients in Community

目的探讨"321"健康教育模式在降低社区老年卧床患者压疮风险中的应用效果。方法 2016年1-12月,便利抽样法选取在金杨社区卫生服务中心门诊就诊的压疮患者198例及其照顾者198例为研究对象。按就诊前后将其分为对照组和观察组,每组99例患者和99例照顾者。观察组患者及照护者采用"321"健康教育模式进行健康教育,对照组患者及照顾者采用常规方法进行健康教育。比较两组患者的Braden评估量表评分及照护者压疮知识掌握程度。结果入组时,两组患者Braden得分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预1年后,对照组患者Braden得分与入组时相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者Braden得分为(14.67±2.02)分,高于入组时且明显高于对照组的(12.70±1.68)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。入组时,两组患者的压疮危险程度分布差异无统计学意义(P<0.05),干预1年后两组患者压疮危险程度分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组照顾者压疮相关知识问卷得分为(11.57±0.81)分,明显高于对照组的(8.37±2.03)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入组时,两组照顾者的知识总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预1年后,两组照顾者掌握情况与干预前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.001);且观察组照顾者者压疮相关知识问卷得分为(11.57±0.81)分,高于对照组的(8.37±2.03)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 "321"健康教育模式可显著提高照顾者压疮照护相关知识技能,降低社区老年卧床患者压疮发生的风险。

Objective To explore the application effect of‘321＇health education model in preventing pressure ulcer among elderly bedridden patients in the community.Methods By convenience sampling method,198 elderly bedridden patients and their 198 caregivers were selected and divided into control group and observation group,with 99 cases in each group.The control group received the routine care and education,and the observation group was applied with the‘321＇health education model.The Braden Scale scores of patients and knowledge of their caregivers were compared between two groups.Results No statistical significance of Braden score was found between two groups before intervention（P〉0.05）.After 1 years of intervention,there was no significant difference in Braden score in the control group compared to the score before intervention（P〈0.05）,while the Braden score in observation group 1 year after intervention was higher than the score before intervention（P〉0.05）.The Braden score in observation group was（14.67±2.02）,which was significantly higher than that of control group（12.70±1.68）（P〈0.001）.Before intervention,no statistical significance of risk rate distribution was found between two groups（P〈0.05）,while the statistical significance was found after 1 years of intervention（P〈0.001）.After intervention,the pressure ulcer knowledge score of caregivers in observation was（11.57±0.81）,which was significantly higher than that of control group（8.37±2.03）（P〈0.05）.Before intervention,no statistical significance of the total knowledge score was found in two groups（P〉0.05）,after 1 year of intervention,statistical significances were found between two groups（P〈0.05 or P〈0.001）.The pressure ulcer knowledge questionnaire score in observation group was（11.57±0.81）,which was higher than that of control group（8.37±2.03）（P〈0.001）.Conclusions ‘321＇health education model has a positive effect on improving knowledge of caregivers and decreasing risk of pressure ulcer of elderly bedridden patients in the community.