基于生态系统的海洋管理理论与实践分析

Ecosystem Approach and Integrated Marine Management:Analysis of the Theory and Practice of Ecosystem-based Marine Management

自20世纪80年代以来,生态系统管理和海洋综合管理的思想逐步成为海洋管理的主流,并形成了众多的理论探索与实践应用。本文概述了当代西方海洋生态系统管理理论及主要国家的管理实践,总结了当前中国海洋生态文明建设;同时,本文梳理了海洋及海岸带综合管理理论及其演变,以及相关的实践内容,回顾了中国海洋综合管理的发展历程。在此基础上,对生态系统管理和海洋综合管理进行了比较分析,初步提出了基于生态系统的海洋管理发展方向。

Since 1980 s,the thoughts of the ecosystem approach and integrated marine management（ IMM）have become the mainstream of marine management,which gave rise to various theoretical explorations and practical applications. The theories and practices guided by the ecosystem approach in main western oceanic countries are generalized in the paper,and the construction of marine ecological civilization in China is summarized. Meanwhile,the theory of IMM and its evolution and practices were clarified,and the historical development of IMM in China is also reviewed. Based on the discussion,a comparative analysis between the ecosystem approach and IMM is made,and the development direction of ecosystem-based marine management is preliminarily proposed.