围产期奶牛酮病的群体监测研究进展

Herd Monitoring of Ketosis in Periparturient Dairy Cows

围产期是对奶牛的健康、生产、繁殖具有重要意义的关键时期,奶牛在该时期一旦出现健康问题,会导致其生产性能降低,各种代谢性疾病,以及繁殖障碍等问题。酮病作为围产期奶牛重要的群发性常见多发病,不仅引起产奶量的降低,还增加其他疾病的易感性,对奶牛生产影响巨大。酮病的发生与奶牛机体的能量平衡状态、矿物元素代谢、日粮营养水平、饲养管理等密切相关。随着奶牛养殖向集约化规模化方向发展,奶牛群体管理和群体疾病监测已成为保障奶牛养殖业健康发展的重要手段。因此,对围产期奶牛酮病的群体监测和预警一直被各国列为重要的疾病防控手段加以研究。

The periparturient period is critical for health,reproductive performance and economic efficiency of dairy cows.Health problems occurring during the periparturient period are of importance as they can decrease the animal＇s reproductive performance,favor the development of various metabolic diseases and result in reproductive disorders.As an important cluster of common multiple disease of dairy cows in transition period,ketosis not only causes lower milk production,but also increases the susceptibility to other diseases,which impact the dairy industry greatly.The occurrence of ketosis is closely related to the energy balance state,mineral element metabolism,dietary nutrient level,feeding and management.With the development of dairy farming industry to the intensive scale,dairy cow herd management and herd disease monitoring have become important means to protect the healthy development of dairy farming industry.Therefore,the herd monitoring and early warning of ketosis have been studied by countries as important means of disease prevention and control.