行政不作为的责任谱系建构——基于国家赔偿责任单一化的现实检视

Construction of Liability Pedigree of Administrative Omission:Realistic Review Based on Simplification of State Compensation Liability

由于兼具主观过错和客观违法,行政不作为无法获得实定法的肯定性评价,由此会形成行政违法、民事共同侵权、刑事惩戒以及政治问责等不同类型的责任后果。据此,基于国家赔偿责任单一化的现实检视,从整体意义上建构行政不作为的责任谱系。根据行政不作为的违法程度、危害结果以及构成要件,明确行政责任和刑事责任,把握责任转化的"拐点";虑及行政不作为往往与民事侵权发生竞合,从条件、原因以及注意义务统筹行政责任和民事责任,实现责任并行的"合力";针对内部处分与民主问责类型、形式以及制度功效存在重叠,整合行政责任与政治责任,注重责任衔接的"同构"。

Because of both subjective fault and objective law,administrative omission can not obtain affirmative evaluation on the actual law,which will result in different types of liability consequences,such as administrative offense,civil joint tort,criminal punishment and political accountability.Accordingly,based on the realistic inspection of the simplification of state compensation liability,the liability pedigree of administrative omission is constructed from the whole sense.According to the degree of illegality,consequences and constitutive requirements of administrative omission,we should clarify administrative responsibility and criminal responsibility,and grasp the turning point of responsibility transformation.Considering that administrative omission is often associated with tort,we should co-ordinate administrative responsibility and civil liability from the conditions,causes and duty of care so as to realize the＂resultant force＂of responsibility.In view of the overlapping of internal punishment and the type,form and efficiency of democratic accountability,the administrative responsibility and political responsibility should be integrated,and the＂isomorphism＂of the connection of responsibility should be paid attention to.