统一定价产品与劳动力迁移——新经济地理的视角

Uniform Price Products and Labor Migration——New Economic Geography Perspective

随着互联网及相关产业的不断发展,统一定价产品的种类不断丰富。由于较高的名义收入可以购买更多的统一定价产品以增进消费者福利,在劳动力的迁移决策中,名义收入的作用将不断增强。本文基于此,构建产品统一定价条件下,存在空间知识溢出的新经济地理理论模型,论证当区域间消费品价格相等时,收入的差异源自区域技术水平差异,技术水平差异源自研发人员的空间集聚并将导致地区间企业效率的差异,高生产率地区的企业将提供工人更高的名义工资。因此,区域的集聚力是具有统一定价的产品以及技术进步与创新,而由集聚引发的地租上升以及迁移成本将成为阻碍要素流动的因素。

With the development of Internet and the concerning industries,the variety of products which is uniform pricing become increasingly richer. Since the high nominal income can result in more consumption of uniform price product,ceteris paribus,the higher nominal income,the higher welfare for labor. From this perspective,the role of nominal income becomes more and more important for the decision of the labor migration. Based on this view,this paper builds a New Economic Geography model which considers the knowledge and technology spillover between different regions with the uniform price products,illustrating that with the uniform pricing atmosphere,the gap of income of labor comes from the gap of technology between different regions. Further,the gap of technology which originates from the spatial agglomeration of R＆D staff,will result in the imparity of the firm efficiency. The higher efficiency of one region,the higher nominal income can firms offer to the labor. Therefore,spatial agglomeration force includes the uniform price products and technical progress while the dispersion force is the increasing land rent because of spatial agglomeration and the migration cost.