四连杆式门座起重机臂架及平衡系统优化

Optimization of Boom and Balance System for Four-bar Portal Crane

为降低四连杆式门座起重机生产与运行成本,针对其臂架及平衡系统系统的优化进行了研究,提出了一种改进的变幅轨迹计算方法,保证计算结果的合理性,以9个关键参数为设计变量,根据11种实际工况下的约束条件建立更为完善的机构杆长优化模型,采用粒子群算法求解,并根据个体目标值动态设置权重以提高算法搜索能力,实现减轻机构自重、减小不平衡力矩和变幅齿条拉力的优化目标。基于优化结果建立臂架及平衡系统有限元模型,并采用一阶优化算法进行截面尺寸优化设计,得到质量更轻的臂架及平衡系统优化设计方案。算例结果表明:优化设计后的臂架及平衡系统的质量显著减小,实现了降低制造成本、提高经济效益的目标。

In order to reduce the production and running costs of four-bar portal cranes,the optimal design of the boom and balance system are carried out. An improved method of calculating luffing trajectory is proposed to ensure the rationality of the results and a better mathematical model of rod length optimization is established with the 9 key parameters and 11 practical constraint conditions. PSO（ Particle Swarm Optimization） algorithm is used to solve the model and the weights based on the individual target values dynamics is set to improve algorithmic search ability. The optimal goals of minimize the weight,the unbalanced moment and the force of the luffing rack were achieved. The finite element model of the boom and the balance system is established based on the optimization results and the first-order optimization algorithm is used to optimize cross-section size in order to get an optimal design of boom and balance system with lighter weight. The application results show that the weight of the optimized boom and balance system is reduced significantly and the goals of reducing the manufacturing cost and improving the economic benefit are achieved.