乌梅喷雾剂与灌胃剂对大鼠放射性口干症治疗比较研究

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of dark plum mixture given by gastric gavage and oral spray on rats with radiation-induced xerostomia

目的通过灌胃和喷雾两种不同给药方式,比较研究乌梅合剂对放射性口干症Wistar大鼠的唾液腺影响作用。方法使用直线加速器照射麻醉后大鼠唾液腺区,建立放射性口干大鼠模型,随机分为喷雾及灌胃两种不同给药方式组,组内各设阳性对照组(匹罗卡品组)、模型组与正常组。连续给药14 d,并在7 d与14 d两个时间点收集大鼠唾液及摘取颌下腺腺体。随后对各组唾液量、腺体指数、成份分析及颌下腺病理变化(HE染色)进行分析比较。结果放射后第7天,喷雾组内乌梅组与匹罗卡品组、模型组比较,唾液量增加、颌下腺指数升高,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。乌梅喷雾组与乌梅灌胃组比较,唾液量增加、颌下腺指数升高,唾液淀粉酶(salivary alpha-amylase,SAA)活性增高,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。在放射后第14天,乌梅喷雾组较乌梅灌胃组比较,唾液量增加,颌下腺指数升高,均较乌梅灌胃组高,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。颌下腺病理观察显示,放射后第7天,乌梅喷雾组与乌梅灌胃组相比,颌下腺腺小叶间隙较小,腺体周围炎性细胞浸润程度较低,照射后第14天,乌梅喷雾组导管结构破坏及腺体核固缩数量减少。而乌梅灌胃组第7天及14天均显示部分腺体细胞持续发生空泡性坏死,腺体细胞核固缩明显。结论乌梅合剂通过喷雾给药法直接接触大鼠口腔,对大鼠唾液分泌及唾液淀粉酶活性的作用比灌胃给药强,且能促进颌下腺放射性损伤细胞病理形态修复,提示对于放射性口干症,喷雾给药比灌胃给药效果更显著。

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of dark plum mixture on rats with radiation？inducedxerostomia, given by gastric gavage and oral spray. Methods Rat model of radiation？induced xerostomia were developed byelectron linear accelerator. Wistar rats were randomly divided into spray group and gastric gavage group, and normal group,positive control group and normal control group were set up within these two groups. The dark plum mixture wasadministered for 14 days. After treated for 7 days and 14 days, saliva was collected and submandibular gland samples werecollected. The salivary secretion, Sorgan index, component analysis and pathological changes of submaxillary glands between the groups were assessed. Results On the 7thday after irradiation, the saliva secretion and gland coefficient of thedark plum spray group were significantly higher than the positive control group and normal control group （P 〈 0.05）. Thesaliva secretion, gland coefficient and saliva amylase activity of the dark plum mixture spray group were significantly higherthan the dark plum mixture gastric gavage group （P 〈 0.05）. On the 14th day after irradiation, the saliva secretion andgland coefficient of the oral spray group were significantly higher than the gastric gavage group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Thepathological examination of submandibular gland tissues showed that 7 days after irradiation, there were less interglandularspace and inflammatory cell infiltration in the oral spray group than the gastric gavage group. On the 14th day afterirradiation, the ductal damage and cell nuclear pyknosis in the oral spray group were milder than the gastric gavage group.Vacuolated necrosis and nuclear pyknosis of some glandular cells were visible in the gastric gavage group 7 and 14 daysafter irradiation. Conclusions Compared with gastric gavage, the oral spray of dark plum mixture increases more salivaand salivary α？amylase secretion, effectively promote the repair of submandibular glandular cells after salivary glandirradiation, and indicates a better therapeutic effect on radiation？induced xerostomia.