南朝三教合流与自然“比德”说之多重意蕴

The Confluence of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism in the Southern Dynasties and the Multiple Meanings of "Nature Bi-De"

中国古代自然审美观至魏晋南北朝为关键性的一变,开启了自然审美的自觉阶段,此为学界共识。那么,关注自然物本身的形貌之美带来的精神愉悦是否能概括这个阶段的自然审美观?笔者认为,至少在文人审美意识中,儒学"比德"仍然处于重要地位。同时,"比德"的思维在文学实践中,又发生了与儒学思想的游离。本文试图将这一细微的变化与当时的文化背景联系起来探讨,以见文人自然审美观念多元交织的面貌。

The natural aesthetic view of ancient China to the key change of the Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties opened the conscious stage of natural aesthetic,which is the common understanding of the academic community. So,can the spiritual pleasure of the beauty of the nature of the nature itself be concerned with the natural beauty of this stage？ I think,at least in the literati aesthetic consciousness of Confucianism, ＂ Nature Bi-De＂ is still in an important position. At the same time, ＂ Nature Bi-De＂ in the literary practice drifted away from Confucianism. This article tries to connect this subtle change with the cultural background of the time,in order to see the multi intertwined features of the literati＇s natural aesthetic ideas.