身份信息与位置信息的加工进程及语境预测性的影响

Effects of predictability on the time course of identity information and location information in Chinese word recognition

采用行为实验和眼动实验,探讨汉字身份信息和位置信息在词汇单独呈现和在语境中呈现的加工进程。实验1发现,当启动时间为80 ms时,换位启动效应与原词、尾字替换启动效应差异显著;当启动时间为150 ms时,换位启动效应与首字替换、尾字替换启动效应均差异显著;当启动时间为300 ms时,换位启动与原词、首字替换启动效应差异显著。实验2发现,与低预测性条件相比,高预测性条件下,阅读时间更短,注视次数更少;在整句眼动指标上,高预测性条件下,原词条件与首字替换条件差异显著,换位条件和替换条件差异不显著,而低预测性条件下,换位条件与原词条件和尾字替换条件差异显著。实验3采用边界范式,发现预视时间为0 ms时,换位条件更接近原词条件,与替换条件差异显著。而预视时间为50和100 ms时,换位条件与替换条件没有显著差异。研究结果表明,在词汇单独呈现时,位置信息的作用在早期阶段较大而后逐渐降低,身份信息的作用逐渐增强。在句子阅读中,位置信息的作用在副中央凹加工的早期阶段较小而后逐渐增大。语境预测性在加工的早期,对位置信息作用大,在加工的晚期,对身份信息作用大。研究结果支持SOLAR模型和贝叶斯读者模型,不支持SERIOL模型。

In the process of word recognition, the encoding of letter identity and letter location information plays a vital role. Many English studies found that the letter location information is more flexible than letter identity information. And context predictability has a different effect on letter location and identity information. Chinese word consists of meaningful morpheme, so the encoding of Chinese character identity and location information may have different features from English letter. In present study, we discussed the effect and the time course of predictability on the encoding of Chinese character identity and location information.In order to explore the morpheme processing, the present study recruited 20 students as participants in experiment 1, and instructed them to do the lexical decision task. We used 5 types of word（original word, transposed non-word, initial substituted non-word, final substituted non-word and unmeaning symbol） as prime words when the prime time is 80 ms, 150 ms and 300 ms. We collected reaction time as the index. We found that the effect caused by transposed non-word is significant from that caused by original word under 80 ms and 300 ms prime condition, but it is opposite under 150 ms condition. To study the morpheme processing in sentence, 50 participants took part in experiment 2, and was instructed to read high predictability and low predictability sentences. Each sentence included a different target word of 4 conditions which is original word（OR）, transposed non-word（TN）, first substituted（FS） non-word and end substituted（ES） non-word. The participation＇s eye movement was recorded by Eye Link1000 during reading process. The results showed that the TN condition is not significant with FS and ES condition under high-predictability, but it is opposite under low-predictability. To explore the time course of encoding of Chinese character location and identity information, we used the same materials as experiment 2 and manipulated parafoveal target word delay time for 0 ms, 50 ms and 100 ms. We found that TN condition and OR condition are quite similar when the previewing is 0 ms, and the TN condition is analogy with FS and ES condition when the previewing is 50 ms and 100 ms. On the whole, the data of the present study suggested that the encoding of Chinese character identity information and location information are separated. When Chinese words presented alone, the effect of location information is gradually reduced with the processing time increase. In sentence reading, location information is more flexible at the early stage in parafoveal processing. High predictability can promote the encoding of location information at early stage, and promote the encoding of identity information at later stage.