跟车情境中的视觉注意偏向

Visual attention bias in the car following situation

目的:探究在跟车情境中反应手和反应手的任务量是否影响驾驶人视觉注意偏向,以及在普通情境中反应手和反应手的任务量的作用。方法:117例大学生分别参加3个实验,使用E-prime2.0软件编写程序,在联想G460电脑上运行程序。实验一采用双任务范式,要求被试者在交通情境中使用双手对左右前车尾灯进行左右位置判断,同时使用右手对跟车距离进行判断;实验二采用双任务范式,将实验一的前车尾灯替换成红色圆点图形,要求被试者在普通情境中使用双手对红色圆点进行左右位置判断,同时使用右手对红色圆点与电脑屏幕底端的距离进行判断;实验三采用单任务范式,在普通情境中被试者使用左手或右手分别对绿色圆点和红色圆点进行左右位置判断。结果:在驾驶情境中,被试者对右前车尾灯亮的反应时明显短于左前车尾灯亮的反应时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而正确率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在普通情境中,被试者对红色圆点左右位置判断的反应时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但对右侧圆点的正确率明显高于左侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在普通场景中,当被试者使用右手对左右位置红色圆点判断时,左侧的反应时大于右侧,正确率小于右侧,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);当被试者使用左手对左右位置绿色圆点判断时,左侧的反应时小于右侧,正确率大于右侧,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:无论是驾驶情境还是普通情境,当左右手任务量相同时,视觉注意偏向受反应手的影响,左手反应时左偏,右手反应时右偏;当左右手任务量不同时,视觉注意偏向受任务量的影响,视觉注意偏向于执行任务量多的手的方向。

Objective： The experiment is to explore whether the responding hands and the tasks＇ amount of the responding hands whether affect drivers＇ visual attention bias in the following-car situation. The role of the responding hands and the tasks＇ amount of the responding hands is on people＇s visual attention bias in the common situation. Method： In the first experiment used dual-task paradigm was used. The Subjects asked to judge the left and right rear lights of the front car with their two hands in the traffic situation. And the right hand was used to judge the distance between the main car and the following car. In Experiment Two, dual-task paradigm was also used. The traffic situation has been changed into a common situation. The Subjects used their both hands to judge the left and right positions of the red dots in the common situation. They used their right hands to judge the distance between the red dots and the bottom of the computer screen. In Experiment Three, the single-task paradigm was used. In the common situation, the subjects used their left or right hands to judge the green dots or the red dots, respectively. A total of 117 college students participated in the three experiments. E-prime2.0 software was used to write the program. It was run on Lenovo G460. Results： The reaction time on the tails lights of the right front car was shorter than the left front car＇s（P〈0.05）; but there was no significant difference in the rate of correctness（P〈0.05）（Experiment One）. In the common situation, the subjects＇ reaction time to left and right positions of the red dots was not different（P〈0.05）, but the accuracy of the right red dot was significantly higher than left one（P〈0.05）（Experiment Two）. In the common situation, when the subjects used the right hand to judge the left and right positions of the red dots, the reaction time of the left side was longer than that of the right one（P〈0.05）, the correct rate on the left sidewas less than on the right one（P〈0.05）. When the subjects used the left hand to judge the left and right positions of the red dots, the reaction time of the left side was shorter than that of the right one（P〈0.05）, the correct rate on the left side was more than on the right one（P〈0.05）（Experiment Three）. Conclusion： Whether in the driving situation or in the common situation, when tasks＇ amount is the same, the visual attention bias was influenced by the responding hands. When people used their left hand, left visual attention bias happened. When people used their right hand, right visual attention bias happened. When tasks＇ amount of the left and right hand was different, visual attention biasis was affected by tasks＇ amount. Visual attention was biased toward the direction of the hands thathave more tasks.