调亏灌溉对膜下滴灌辣椒生长及水分利用的影响

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on growth and water use of pepper with mulched drip irrigation

通过大田试验研究了调亏灌溉[苗期:SRD1(轻度)、SRD2(中度)、SRD3(重度);开花坐果期:BRD1(轻度)、BRD2(中度)、BRD3(重度);盛果期:FRD1(轻度)、FRD2(中度);后果期:LRD1(轻度)、LRD2(中度);CK为对照]对膜下滴灌辣椒生长、耗水规律、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:苗期轻度水分调亏和后果期轻度水分调亏对辣椒株高、茎粗和叶面积指数均无显著影响(P>0.05),而开花坐果期重度水分调亏使辣椒株高、茎粗和叶面积指数分别比对照显著(P<0.05)小39.03%、32.94%和51.21%。同时,与对照处理相比,辣椒生物量随着水分调亏程度的增加而不断下降。其中,苗期中度水分调亏处理SRD2在苗期地上部分和根系干物质量分别比对照处理显著小40.32%和24.99%,但辣椒总产量为35322.79 kg·hm-2,与对照处理无显著差异。不同水分处理辣椒各生育期耗水量和耗水强度均表现为盛果期>后果期>开花坐果期>苗期,并且与对照处理相比,辣椒阶段耗水强度和耗水量均随着水分调亏程度的增加而显著下降。苗期中度水分调亏处理SRD2的辣椒水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率分别比对照处理显著提高8.45%和9.20%,并且产量处于最高水平。因此,SRD2为本试验方案中的最优灌溉方式。

The effect of regulated deficit irrigation on pepper growth,water consuming regulation,yield and water use efficiency has been researched with mulched drip irrigation through field experiments.The results showed that： Different degrees of water deficit regulation（ WDR） at seedling,blossom and fruiting stage and full fruit period will be all decreased the pepper plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index（ LAI）,and the bigger degree of WDR,the plant height,stem diameter and LAI were smaller. Meanwhile,compared with the control treatment,the pepper biomass will be decreased with increasing degree of WDR. In which,the treatment（ SRD2） as moderate WDR at seedling stage,the pepper biomass of ground parts and amount of root dry matter were significantly（ P 0.05） decreased 40.32% and 24.99%,respectively. But the total pepper yield was 35322.79 kg·hm-2 which was the highest level with control treatment. Under different water treatment,the water consumption and water-consuming intensity in each pepper growth stage were total expressed as full fruit period later fruit period blossom and fruit stage Seedling. Compared with the control treatment,the stage water consumption and consuming-intensity of pepper total will be notably decreased with increasing the degree of WDR. The moderate WRD treatment in seedling as（ SRD2）,the pepper water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency could be remarkably increased 8.45% and 9.20% respectively,also the pepper yield was at the highest level. Consequently,the SRD2 was the optimal irrigation mode in experiment scheme.