谷子新品种(系)主要农艺性状及茎杆特性的遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity of agronomic traits and node characters in foxtail millet( Setaria italic Beauv.)

采用主成分分析、聚类分析、相关分析和回归分析对31个谷子新品种(系)的农艺性状和茎杆特性进行分析。研究结果表明,谷子新品种(系)的8个分级性状多样性差异较大,株型、穗型和穗密度多样性较高,谷粒颜色和米色多样性指数较差;8个产量性状中,单穗重、穗粒重和株高多样性丰富,生育期和出谷率多样性差;节长中,变异系数CV变化范围为23.294~26.811,H'变化范围为1.860~2.184,首部第3节CV较大,H'最高,多样性丰富;节粗中,CV变化范围为16.455~25.610,H'变化范围为1.473~2.023,首部第1节CV中等,H'较大,多样性丰富;不同节位的节粗具有一定的群集性,不同节位的节长位点分布较为分散;依据茎杆特性可将谷子新品种(系)划分为两大类群;单穗粒重与茎杆粗H'和茎杆长CV呈正相关(r=0.50,0.46,P<0.05),且与茎杆粗CV和茎杆长H'呈负相关(r=-0.51,-0.47,P<0.05)。31份谷子新品种(系)农艺和茎杆性状多样性丰富,茎杆长和粗对产量性状具有一定的影响。

Agronomic traits and node characters were evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and regression analysis,and cluster analysis. The result showed that genetic diversity index（ H＇） of eight classified traits were difference,and a high H＇ was found in plant type,fringe type,and fringe density,but H＇ of grain colour and rice colour was low level. For node length,the range of CV and H＇ were 23. 294 ~ 26. 811 and1.860 ~ 2.184,and the third node from plant top had a high level at H＇ and CV. For node wide,the range of CV and H＇ were 16.455 ~ 25.610 and 1.473 ~ 2.023,and the first node from plant top had a high level at H＇ and medium level at CV. Node wide of different node position had a clustering,but node length from different node position was scattered. The two clusters were found based on cluster analysis form node traits. A positive correlation was found between seed weight per fringe and H＇ of node wide,CV of node length（ r = 0.50,0.46,P0.05）,but a negative correlation was found between eed weight per fringe and CV of node wide,H＇ of node length（ r =-0. 51,-0.47,P0.05）. Genetic divesitiy of agronomic traits and node characters was plentiful,and node traits,one of agronomic traits,may have an effect on yield traits.