基于降水距平的内蒙古地区马铃薯干旱指标研究

Research on the drought index of potato based on precipitation anomaly in Inner Mongolia

为建立内蒙古地区马铃薯干旱灾害的监测与评估指标,以中西部和东部地区全生育期、苗期和花期的降水负距平百分率与相对气象产量二者建立回归方程,结合农业干旱等级和降水距平百分率气象干旱等级国家标准,得出了三个时段轻旱、中旱和重旱的等级指标。即全生育期中西部和东部降水距平等级指标分别为-5%^-25%、-25%^-40%、<-40%和-10%^-30%、-30%^-45%、<-45%;苗期中西部和东部等级指标为-10%^-35%、-35%^-50%、<-50%和-20%^-45%、-45%^-60%、<-60%;花期中西部和东部地区指标相同,即-5%^-30%、-30%^-50%、<-50%。利用2014和2015年马铃薯主要种植区发生重旱的灾情进行指标验证,计算结果与实际发生基本吻合。

In order to set up the monitoring and evaluation index for potato drought disaster in Inner Mongolia,established the regression equation between the negative precipitation anomaly percentage with the relative meteorological yield in whole growing period,seedling stage and flowering stage in the middle western and eastern regions,combined with the agricultural drought grade and the national standard as precipitation anomaly percentage and the meteorological drought grade,obtained the grade indexes as light drought,medium drought and heavy drought in three stages,such as in whole growing period,grade index of precipitation anomaly in middle western and eastern regions were-5% ^-25%,-25% ^-40%,-40% and-10% ^-30%,-30% ^-45%,-45% respectively; in the seedling stage,the grade index were-10% ^-35%,-35% ^-50%,-50% and-20% ^-45%,-45% ^-60%,-60% respectively; in the flowering stage,the drought index were same both western and eastern regions,the grade index was-5% ^-30%、-30% ^-50%、-50% respectively. The drought indexes were tested and verified by using the occured heavy drought disaster in main planting areas of potato in 2014 and 2015,and the calculated results were in good agreement with the actual occurrence.