可降温式消防服的设计与降温效果评价

Design of cooling firefighting protective clothing and evaluation on cooling performance

为解决消防服厚重多层的结构带来的热应力问题,设计一款可降温式消防服,采用液冷循环管路降温装置缓解消防员的热应激反应。通过模拟高温环境(温度为40℃,相对湿度为50%),应用暖体假人对可降温式消防服的降温效果进行分析,考察不同管路排列对假人皮肤表面、管路下及管路间隔处、进出水口处温的影响。结果表明,液冷降温装置对降低假人皮肤温度有明显效果,且不同管路排列的降温效果不同:横向管路排列下假人皮肤表面温度比纵向高0.58℃,且在管路下以及管路间隔处的降温量始终大于纵向;横向进出水口处温差比纵向高3.8℃,20 min后,温差值依然大于纵向。穿着横向管路排列的可降温式消防服能有效缓解热应力问题,延长消防员工作时间,提高救援效率。

In order to solve the heat stress caused by multilayer heavy firefighter′s protective clothing, a cooling fire fighter protective clothing was developed using a liquid cooling device to alleviate the thermal response of firefighters. Thermal manikin was utilized to analyze the cooling performance of the cooling fire fighter protective clothing in a hazardous environment. The firemen working environment （temperature of 40 ℃ and relative humidity of 50%） was simulated. The influence of different arrangements of the heat transfer network on the skin surface temperature of the thermal manikin, temperature under the heat exchange pipeline, the temperature of the heat exchange pipeline interval, and temperature difference for inlet and outlet of the cooling equipment was investigated. The results indicate that the cooling equipment efficiently reduces the skin surface temperature of the thermal manikin, and the cooling performance of different distributions of heat transfer pipeline is different. The skin surface temperature of the thermal manikin with the horizontal pipe arrangement is up to 0.58 ℃ higher than that with the longitudinal arrangement. Both under the pipeline and in the pipeline interval, the temperature difference of the horizontal pipe arrangement is always larger than that of the longitudinal arrangement. The temperature difference for outlet and inlet of the horizontal arrangement is up to 3.8 ℃, higher than the longitudinal arrangement. After 20 min, the temperature difference is still higher than the longitudinal arrangement. The experiment indicats that the cooling fire fighter protective clothing using the horizontal pipe arrangement can alleviate heat stress. It also can prolong working time and improve the efficiency of firefighters′rescue activities.