我国城市生活垃圾处理处置全过程大气排放研究进展

Research Advances of Atmospheric Emission from the Whole Process of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal in China

2016年我国城市生活垃圾的年清运量突破2×10~8t,并且在未来一段时间内仍会呈现上升趋势.虽然近年来我国城市垃圾无害化处理率年均增幅超过10%,但随着城市化进程的不断深入,庞大的垃圾产生量给现有城市垃圾处理系统造成巨大挑战,同时使垃圾处理处置过程中大气温室气体及污染物排放逐渐引起社会关注,如2010年我国垃圾焚烧导致大气污染物NO_x、SO_2、CO、颗粒物的排放量分别为28、12 062、6 500、4 654 t等.充分调研现有垃圾处理处置全过程大气排放的研究,总结我国城市生活垃圾收集、转运到最终处理处置大气排放物种多样、排放分散的现状,结合现有研究覆盖范围有限、研究物种稀少的局限,同时为进一步推进大气排放清单系统化和精细化的进程,提出以下建议和展望:(1)核算城市和地区垃圾转运过程中的大气环境成本和压缩空间;(2)进一步完善并扩充垃圾焚烧多种有毒有害大气污染物(如二英、重金属元素及挥发性有机物等)排放特征测试和排放清单的研究;(3)在完善生活垃圾填埋场温室气体排放时空分布特征的同时,健全生活垃圾填埋场颗粒物及挥发性有机物等典型大气污染物排放清单相关研究.

In 2016 the delivering quantity of municipal solid waste（MSW） was more than 2×10~8 t,and the amount would increase in the future. Although the innocuity rate of municipal solid waste has had an obvious growth（over 10% per year） in China,with the deepening of the urbanization process,enormous quantity of MSW output has brought the great challenge for MSW system in China,and the emission of greenhouse gases and contaminants in the process of MSW disposal have been attracting more attention. For example,the emission of air contaminants NOx,SO2,CO and PM resulted from the waste incineration in 2010 were 28,12,062,6,500 and 4,654 t,respectively.Plenty of researches about atmospheric emission from the whole process of MSW treatment and disposal has been done. We summarized the emission status in the processes of waste collection,transfer and final treatment,which is species diversity and emission dispersion,and analyzed the quantitative and qualitative research results of typical species of atmosphere emissions. Considering the limitation of the scope and species of existing research and in order to promote the process of systematizing and refining the atmospheric emission inventory and expand the coverage species of the atmospheric emission inventory,some suggestions are put forward：（1） Computer aided means and Geographic Information System could be adopted to the dynamic and fine management of transfer facilities in specific regions,account atmospheric environmental cost and its compression space during the waste transfer process.（2） The researches on the emission characteristic tests and the emission inventories of hazardous atmospheric pollutants（e. g.,dioxins,toxic heavy metals and VOCs）released from the combustion of municipal solid waste should be perfected.（3） The spatial and temporal distribution characteristic of greenhouse gases emissions from MSW landfills should be completed and the atmospheric emission inventories of particulate matters and VOCs in landfills should be improved.