长江经济带生态系统宏观结构变化特征分析

Characteristic Analysis of Ecosystem Spatial Pattern and Structure in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

长江经济带是我国重要的生态安全屏障区。根据2000、2010和2015年3期生态系统宏观结构数据,通过生态系统转类途径和幅度与生态系统类型变化动态度分析评价了研究区近15 a来生态系统宏观结构的变化特征。结果表明:2015年,森林、农田、草地、聚落、水体与湿地、荒漠及其他生态系统面积分别占该区总面积的45.96%、30.31%、16.58%、3.29%、3.06%和0.80%。在2000—2010和2010—2015年2个时段内,农田生态系统面积持续减少,聚落生态系统面积持续增加,且2010—2015年综合生态系统的变化动态度高于2000—2010年,退耕还林还草工程、建设用地扩张和国家战略实施是引起区域土地利用变化的主要原因。

The Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important ecological security barrier of China. On the basis of ecosystem spatial pattern and structure datasets for 2000,2010 and 2015,temporal and spatial change characteristics of ecosystem spatial pattern and structure were analyzed,using the method of transfer direction and extent of ecosystem,degree of dynamic change in ecosystem type. The results show that the area proportion of forestland,farmland,grassland,settlement,water body and wetland,desert and other ecosystems in 2015 was 45. 96%,30. 31%,16. 58%,3. 29%,3. 06% and0. 80%,respectively. The farmland area continued to decrease during the periods of 2000-2010 and 2010-2015,while the settlement area continued to increase. The changing rate of comprehensive ecosystem from 2010-2015 was higher than the previous period. Returning farmland to forest and grassland projects,expansion of construction land,and national strategy implementation were the major causes of the changing of regional land use.