保墒措施对盛果期油茶林地土壤水分时空特征的影响

A Study on the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Soil Moisture Under Different Water Regulation Measures in Camellia oleifera in the Full Fruit Stage

为探究高产油茶成林地适宜保墒措施,调查观测不同保墒措施下油茶林地的土壤含水量。结果表明:夏季林地0~20 cm层与20~40 cm层的土壤含水量分别只有春季的75.2%与83.3%,夏、秋季土壤0~20 cm层的含水量波动幅度最大;4种保墒措施中各季节均以茶壳覆盖的土壤水分含量高,比对照增加12.24%;覆盖稻草可明显提高夏季、冬季土壤0~20 cm土层水分含量,春、秋季滴灌能显著改善林地20~40 cm的土壤水分,比对照分别提高25.03%与19.12%;秋、冬季生态膜覆盖的林地20~40 cm土壤水分较高;稻草覆盖可显著提高0~20 cm层土壤水分。油茶试验区上半年降雨量占到全年的68.29%,春季降雨占近一半,降雨量季节分布不均与林地土壤含水量变化密切相关。

The soil moisture of Camellia oleifera forest was observated under different management measures so as to explore suitable conservation of soil moisture in high-yield oil tea abel forests. The results show that the soil moisture amounts of 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm woodland layers in summer only accounted for75.2% and 83.3% of those in spring,the moisture fluctuation of 0 - 20 cm soil layer in summer and autumn showed the laryest variation ranges; the moisture content of the soil covered with tea shell was the highest in the soil under 4 water regulation measures in different seasons,and 12.24% higher than that of the control; straw mulching could significantly raise the water content of the 0 - 20 cm soil layer in summer and winter,the 20 -40 cm soil moisture in spring and autumn could be significantly improved by irrigation,and 25.03% and 19.12%higher than that of the control respectively; The soil moisture of 20 - 40 cm layer was higher in autumn and winter when it was coverd by ecological film; and the soil moisture content of 0 - 20 cm layer covered by straw mulching was higher than that of the 20 - 40 cm layer. The rainfall of the first half of the year accounted for68.29% of that of the whole year in the test area,the rainfall in spring accounted for nearly half of that of the whole year,uneven seasonal distribution of rainfall was closely related to the change in soil moisture content in forest land.