3种蜂王上颚腺信息素对中蜂雄蜂吸引效果的研究

The Attraction of Three Queen Mandibular Gland Pheromones to the Drones of Chinese honeybees,Apis cerana cerana

以中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)为实验材料,探索3种蜂王上颚腺信息素对雄蜂的吸引作用。分别在巢门口和巢脾上抓取雄蜂,利用行为学观察方法检测3种信息素对雄蜂的吸引效果。结果表明:10μg/μL反式-9-氧代-2-癸烯酸(9-ODA)组对巢门口雄蜂的吸引力显著高于1μg/μL组和100μg/μL组(P<0.05),表明过高或过低的浓度均不能有效吸引雄蜂;1μg/μL对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(HOB)组对巢门口雄蜂吸引力显著高于10μg/μL组和100μg/μL组(P<0.05),表明低浓度的HOB对于巢门口雄蜂的吸引力更强;10μg/μL组和100μg/μL组的4-羟基-3-甲氧苯基乙醇(HVA)对巢门口雄蜂的吸引力均显著高于1μg/μL组(P<0.05)。另外,不同浓度的这3种蜂王上颚腺信息素对巢脾上雄蜂的吸引力差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究结果表明9-ODA、HOB和HVA信息素对雄蜂吸引的最佳浓度分别为10μg/μL、1μg/μL与100μg/μL。中华蜜蜂雄蜂的飞行行为能增强其对蜂王上颚腺信息素的感知力。

In the present study,the attraction of three queen mandibular gland pheromones to the drones of Chinese honeybees,Apis cerana cerana was analyzed.The drones captured at the hive entrance and hive frames were used to determine the attraction effect of three queen mandibular gland pheromones to the drones using the behavior observation method. The results showed that the attraction of 10 μg/μL（E）-9-oxodec-2-enoic acid（9-ODA） group was significantly higher than that of the 1 μg/μL and 100 μg/μL groups to the drones captured at the hive entrance（P〈0.05）,which indicated that too high or low concentration could not effectively attract drones.Compared with the 1 μg/μL group,the 10 μg/μL and 100 μg/μL groups had smaller difference in attraction of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate（HOB） to the drones captured at the hive entrance（P〈0.05）.The effect illustrated that low concentration of HOB was more attractive to the drones captured at the hive entrance.The attraction of the 10 μg/μL and 100 μg/μL 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol（HVA） groups was significantly higher than that of the 1 μg/μL group to the drones captured at the hive entrance（P〈0.05）.Moreover,there were no statistical differences in the three queen mandibular gland pheromones in the attraction to the drones captured at the hive frames（P〉0.05）.It is concluded that 10 μg/μL,1 μg/μL and 100 μg/μL are the optimal concentrations of 9-ODA,HOB and HVA,respectively.Furthermore,the flight activities increase the perception of drones to queen mandibular gland pheromones.