高背景值土壤重金属生态风险区划及防控

Eco-risk Regionalization and Control of Heavy Metal in Soil with High Background Value

近年来我国重金属污染日益严重,已严重威胁粮食安全,并对人类的健康造成一定的伤害,对重金属的防控刻不容缓;但由于我国土壤重金属污染类型、程度、受污染地区等差异较大,因此必须对其进行风险分区,实现对不同重金属、不同污染程度、不同污染地区的风险控制,并对重金属污染土壤进行修复。综述了中南、西南等土壤环境背景值较高地区土壤重金属污染表征方法,介绍生态风险分区的原则指标、风险评估方法,并对其进行风险区划,从而实现对土壤环境背景值较高地区土壤重金属的防控。这对于探讨高背景值重金属的来源及形成机制具有重要意义,为生态风险评价和土地资源安全区划提供理论依据。

In recent years,serious pollution of heavy metals in China has seriously threatened food security and caused some damage to human health.Therefore,it is urgent to prevent and control heavy metals.However,due to the large differences in the types,levels and contaminated areas of heavy metals in soils in China,risk zoning is essential for the control of different heavy metals,different levels of pollution,pollution control in different areas,and repair of heavy metal contaminated soil.This paper reviews the methods of characterization of heavy metal pollution in soils with high background value of soil environment,such as central＇southwestern,and southwestern areas of China,introduces the principle indexes and risk assessment methods for ecological risk zoning,and carries out risk zoning to achieve soil remediation in areas with high soil environmental backgrounds.This is of great significance for exploring the source and formation mechanism of heavy metals in high background,providing a theoretical basis for ecological risk assessment and land resource safety zoning.