鄂西山区燃煤污染型氟中毒重点病区防治效果

Preventive effect of endemic fluorosis(coal-burning type)in key regions of western mountain areas in Hubei Province

目的科学评价鄂西山区燃煤污染型氟中毒防治措施落实效果,了解病区氟暴露情况以及氟中毒病情控制效果。方法在19个病区村和4个非病区村,调查8 637户改良炉灶使用情况和1 084名8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况;检测901份儿童尿氟,检测230份玉米、辣椒样品的含氟量。结果炉灶合格率和正确使用率分别为97.28%和99.83%;儿童氟斑牙检出率15.04%,轻、中、重病区与非病区间儿童氟斑牙检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);轻、中、重病区与非病区间儿童尿氟均值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);玉米样品氟含量超标率11.74%,辣椒样品氟含量超标率99.13%。结论调查病区基本落实防治措施,8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率低于30.00%,尿氟均值在正常范围内,内外环境含氟量与病情无明显相关性,燃煤污染型氟中毒流行趋势已得到明显控制。

Objective To evaluate the implementation effect of endemic fluorosis（ coal-burning type） and control measures,and understand the fluoride exposure in these areas of western mountain areas in Hubei Province. Methods A Total of 8637 households were investigated in 19 villages with coal-burning endemic fluorosis and 4 non-endemic villages. Stove improvement and 1084 children aged 8 to 12 years for dental fluorosis prevalence were surveyed. 901 samples of children urine fluorine,fluorine content of 230 samples of corn and chili were surveyed. Results Qualified rate and properly-used rate of stove improvement was 97. 28% and 99. 83%respectively. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children was 15. 04%. There was significant difference of the detection rate of dental fluorosis between endemic regions with light,moderate or severe level and non-endemic regions. The excessive rate of fluorine content of corn samples was 11. 74%,while the excessive rate of fluorine content of chili samples was 99. 13%. Conclusions The detection rate for dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was less than 30. 00%. The geometric average of urinary fluoride was all under the normal range. In addition,there was no obvious correlation between the illness and fluoride in the environment,both internally and externally. The coal-burning endemic fluorosis has been apparently controlled in these areas.