湖北省达传播控制标准后血吸虫病流行因素

Research on epidemic factors after schistosomiasis transmission being under control in Hubei Province

目的了解达到血吸虫病传播控制标准后疫区传染源控制情况,为实现阻断和消除血吸虫病提供依据。方法选择2013—2016年湖北省湖滩型和山丘型流行区的6个街/村进行人群、家畜、螺情的基线调查和常规调查;于2015—2016年6月和11月对全省人畜活动频繁的有螺环境进行野粪监测调查和野生哺乳动物感染情况调查。人群感染情况采用血清学(IHA)和病原学(粪便尼龙绢袋集卵孵化法)检测;家畜及野粪感染情况采用病原学(塑料杯顶管孵化法)进行检测;钉螺感染情况采用压碎镜检法检测;对野生哺乳动物的感染情况解剖后进行检测。结果 2013—2016年6个街/村人群总感染率呈逐年下降趋势,从2013年的0.59%下降到2016年为0;当地耕牛全部淘汰,其它家畜共调查134头(猪94头,羊40头),均未发现血吸虫感染;6个调查村共捕捉野鼠49只,感染率为4.08%。2015—2016年野粪监测调查共收集野粪9 124份,共发现阳性54份,其中48份牛粪、5份羊粪、1份马粪,未发现阳性人粪。出现野鼠、野粪污染的地区均发生在湖滩型流行区。结论影响我省血吸虫病传播阻断的主要传染源人、牛虽然已得到一定控制,但羊、野鼠等其它传染源,在传播控制标准后也不容忽视,需采取针对性措施。

Objective To explore schistosomiasis infection source epidemic situation in the areas where schistosomiasis transmission has been controlled,to provide a basis for schistosomiasis interruption and elimination. Methods In 2013-2016,six streets and villages of marshland areas and hilly areas were selected to carry out the baseline survey and routine survey about infection and distribution of human,livestock,wild mammals and their wild faeces. In June and November from 2015 to 2016. Wild faeces and wild mammals were investigated in snail breeding environment with frequent human and animal activities. The schistosome infection of residents were investigated with the serum immunology method and stool hatching method,the schistosome infections of livestock and wild mammals and their wild fecal were investigated with the plastic cup top tube hatching method. Results The total residents infection rate had declined year by year,from 0. 59% in 2013 to 0 in 2016. The local cattle were eliminated,non-cattle livestock were surveyed with the number of 134,94 of them were pigs,and 40 of them were sheep,all with no infected. The infection rate of wild mice was 4. 08% in six streets and villages. A total of 9 124,48 cases of infected cow faeces,five infected sheep faeces and one infected horse faeces were detected,by monitoring and investigating wild faeces from 2015 to 2016. Wild faeces and snail-infected areas were occurred in the marshland endemic areas. Conclusions The cattle and residents as the main source of infection to affect the transmission interrupted of schistosomiasis in Hu Bei province have been certain controlled,but other infection sources,like the sheep,rats and others were can not be ignored,either,after schistosomiasis transmission control.