影响城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素

Predictive factors of resilience among urban empty-nest elderly

目的探讨城市空巢老人心理坚韧性水平及其影响城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素。方法利用分层整群随机抽样方法,在西安市3个区抽取205名社区空巢老人作为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、心理坚韧性量表、抑郁自评量表进行问卷调查。统计学处理采用t检验、方差分析、秩和检验和多元线性回归分析。结果 (1)城市空巢老人心理坚韧性总体均分为134.32±24.68,处于中等水平。(2)城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素按影响强弱依次为社会支持感、抑郁得分、子女探视、性别、文化程度,其回归方程为Y=74.262+1.753×社会支持感-0.761×抑郁-27.491×子女探视-6.125×性别+6.498×文化程度(F=495.423,P=0.000),总说服力为52.20%。结论城市空巢老人心理坚韧性尚处于中等水平,而且影响城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素按其影响力强弱依次为社会支持感、抑郁、子女探视、性别以及文化程度。提示可以通过城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素水平推断其心理坚韧性的整体状况,有利于城市空巢老人积极心态的获得,心理健康的提高。

Objective This study investigated the resilience status of empty-nest elder and analyzed its influencing factors.Methods Using the method of Stratified cluster random sampling,205 empty-nest elderly from the three Communities in Xi＇ an were investigated. The general information questionnaire,Resilience Scale,Self-rating Depression Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were adopted in this study. Results 1. The resilience scores of the empty-nest elderly in Xi＇ an was 134. 32 ± 24. 68. 2. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the variables of perceived social support,depression,the visitation of their children,gender and degree of education were entered the model（ F = 495. 423,P = 0. 000）,accounted for 52. 20% of the total variances. Conclusion The resilience of the empty-nest elderly in Xi＇ an was moderate. Its predictive factors were perceived social support,depression,the visitation of their children,gender and degree of education,The researchers can infer the overall resilience of the empty-nest elderly through the levels of its predictive factors,which is beneficial to the positive mental attitude of urban empty-nest elderly.