国家保护植物报春苣苔分布地的植物多样性研究

Plant Diversity of Key National Protected Species Primulina tabacum Distribution Area

对已知有报春苣苔分布的广东、湖南、广西、江西4省14地的石灰岩洞口或崖壁进行野生维管植物多样性调查分析,以期对珍稀濒危植物报春苣苔种群的生存和保护提供参考。结果表明,14个地点共出现101科242属342种维管植物,其中出现频率最高的科、属、种分别是苦苣苔科、凤尾蕨科、荨麻科、铁线蕨科、爵床科;凤尾蕨属(Pteris)、报春苣苔属(Primulina)、铁线蕨属(Adiantum)、苎麻属(Boehmeria)、唇柱苣苔属(Chirita);报春苣苔(Primulina tabacum Hance)、岩凤尾蕨(Pteris deltodon Bak.)、蜈蚣草(P.vittata L.)、铁线蕨(Adiantum capillus-veneris L.)、苎麻[Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaudich.]等。植物种的相似性系数最大为40%,最小为0,平均值为14.24%,表明虽均为石灰岩生境,但各地的种类各具特色。鉴于大多数报春苣苔分布点未纳入自然保护区范围,生存状况堪忧,建议加强对报春苣苔种群及其生境的保护。

Vascular plant species growing at the limestone cave or cliff of 14 areas with Primulina tabacum distribution in Guangdong,Hunan,Guangxi,and Jiangxi province were surveyed,so as to provide some references for the survival and protected of rare and endangered plant P. tabacum. Results showed that there were 342 species belonging to 101 families and 242 genera. Among them,the most found families were Gesneriaceae,Pteridaceae,Urticaceae,Adiantaceae,Acanthaceae; the most found genus were Pteris,Primulina,Adiantum,Boehmeria,Chirita; and the most found species were Primulina tabacum,Pteris deltodon,P. vittata,Adiantum capillus-veneris,Boehmeria nivea,etc. The biggest similar coefficient for plant species was 40%,where the smallest one was 0,and the average was 14. 24%,which meant that although there were all limestone habitats,but they had their own specially species. As most of the distributive areas were still not in the nature reserves,the living status for Primulina tabacum was in danger,some suggestions were given for protection of P. tabacum populations and their habitats.