日粮添加槲皮黄酮对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄抗氧化性能的影响

Effects of supplementation of quercetin on laying performance,egg quality and yolk antioxidation of laying hens

本文旨在研究日粮添加不同水平槲皮黄酮对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄抗氧化性能的影响。试验选取健康、产蛋率相近的70周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡720只,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验日粮分别在基础日粮中添加0.1、0.2和0.4 g/kg槲皮黄酮,预饲期1周,试验期为4周。结果发现:日粮添加0.2 g/kg槲皮黄酮较0.1和0.4 g/kg槲皮黄酮组显著提高了蛋鸡平均日采食量(P<0.05),且日粮槲皮黄酮水平对蛋鸡平均日采食量的影响呈现显著的二次曲线效应(P<0.05)。随着日粮槲皮黄酮添加水平的增加,蛋黄重量表现为线性增加(P<0.05);其中0.2 g/kg槲皮黄酮组较0.1和0.4 g/kg槲皮黄酮组显著提高了蛋壳重量(P<0.05);随着日粮槲皮黄酮水平的增加,蛋黄重量显著线性增加(P<0.05)。蛋黄中胆固醇的含量随着日粮槲皮黄酮添加水平的增加线性增加(P<0.05),其中0.2和0.4 g/kg槲皮黄酮组蛋黄胆固醇含量显著高于对照组和0.1 g/kg槲皮黄酮组(P<0.05),同时0.2和0.4 g/kg槲皮黄酮组鸡蛋总胆固醇含量显著高于对照组和0.1 g/kg槲皮黄酮组(P<0.05)。随着日粮槲皮黄酮添加水平的增加,蛋黄中丙二醛的含量显著线性降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,0.1、0.2和0.4 g/kg槲皮黄酮组显著降低了第7、14和28天蛋黄丙二醛的含量(P<0.05)。鸡蛋贮存28 d和80 d后,日粮添加0.1、0.2和0.4 g/kg槲皮黄酮较对照组显著降低了蛋黄胆固醇的含量(P<0.05),蛋黄胆固醇含量与日粮槲皮黄酮水平呈现显著的线性和二次曲线关系(P<0.05)。0.4%g/kg槲皮黄酮组较其他各组蛋黄丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。日粮槲皮黄酮水平与贮存时间对蛋黄丙二醛含量的影响具有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。结果提示:在本试验条件下,蛋鸡采食含槲皮黄酮日粮可以提高鸡蛋新鲜度,延长保质期。综合蛋鸡生产性能和蛋黄氧化稳定性,日粮中槲皮黄酮适宜添加水平为0.2 g/kg。

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary levels of quercetin on laying performance,egg quality and yolk antioxidation of laying hens. A total of 720 Roman laying hens,70-wk-old,were randomly allocated into the 6 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 30 birds. The control diet was corn-soybean meal basal diet,while the trial diets were supplementation of 0.1,0.2 and 0.4 g/kg quercetin into the basal diets. The main trial period lasted for 5 wk,including 1 wk adaptation period. Results showed that hens were supplemented with quercetin at 0.2 g/kg of feed had higher average feed intake than the rest of quercetin treated groups（P 〈0.05）. Significant differences have been observed between the quercetin groups（P 〈0.05）. Absolute yolk weight appeared to increase with the increment of quercetin levels（P-linear 〈 0.05）. Eggshell weight of the 0.2 g/kg quercetin group was significantly higher than that of the rest two quercetin groups（P 〈0.05）. A linear dose response was observed for yolk cholesterol when hens were fed with quercetin（P-linear 〈 0.05）. Total cholesterol per egg increased in control and 0.1 g/kg quercetin groups,compared with the 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg quercetin groups（P 〈0.05）. Malonaldehyde（MDA）values were significantly decreased with increased levels of dietary quercetin（P-linear and quadratic 〈 0.05）. The MDA values in 0.4 g/kg quercetin group was the lowest among the other groups（P 〈0.05）. There was a significant interaction between levels of quercetin and duration of storage（P 〈0.05）. In conclusion,dietary supplementation of laying hens with quercetin for 28 d improved oxidative stability. The appropriate level of quercetin for laying performance and yolk antioxidation was 0.2 g/kg.