不同短日照处理下红小豆花器官分布及脱落的生理特征

Physiological characteristics of floral organ distribution and abscission for adzuki bean(Vigna angularis) under different short day-length photoperiod treatments

为明确不同短日照处理对红小豆花器官形成与脱落进程的影响,以及花器官离层部位重要生理指标的响应特征,于2015年在河北农业大学教学试验农场,以唐山红小豆为供试材料,以自然光生长为对照,设置生长锥肥大期至花序节苞叶及枝梗分化期遮光、小花分化期遮光、雌雄蕊分化期至花器官完成期遮光共3个短日照处理,初花开始调查花的形成与脱落进程,花器官离层部位重要生理指标。结果表明,小花分化期遮光处理可降低花器官脱落比例,比另2个短日照处理平均低6.6%,且有利于中下部节位成花。小花分化期遮光可降低离层脱落酸和赤霉素含量,全生育期分别平均比对照下降8.53%和8.92%;小花分化期遮光处理还可降低离层纤维素酶和多聚半乳糖酶活性,比对照平均下降25.15%和21.88%。小花分化期遮光处理可在花后10 d内显著提高离层果胶质和木质素含量。

In order to identify the effect of different short day-length treatment on and the flower organ formation and abscission,and the corresponding floral organ abscission site response characteristics of the important physiological index the experiment was carried out at the Experiment Station of Agrometeorology in Agricultural University of Hebei in 2015. Adzuki bean Tangshan adzuki bean,a medium and late maturing variety,was treated with three photoperiods： shading from growth cone mast section period to inflorescence bracts and branch differentiation; shading at floret differentiation stage;shading from pistil and pistil differentiation to flower organ completion,using the natural light treatment as the control. Starting from the appearance of the initial flowers,we carried out the short-dayphotoperiod treatment to determine the development progress,the formation and abscission of the flower, and the important physiological indexes. The results showed that： shading at floret differentiation stage could decrease the proportion of flower organ prolapse,on average 6. 6% lower than that of the other two short day treatments,which was advantageous to the part section of flowering.Shading at the floret differentiation stage could reduce the content of ionoic acid and gibberellin,with an average ratio of 8. 53% and 8. 92% in the whole growth period. Shading at the floret differentiation stage could also reduce the activity of ionofibrinase and polygalactosaccharide,declining by 25. 15%and 21. 88% on average. Shading at the floret differentiation stage treatment could significantly improve the content of pectic substance and lignin in 10 d after flowering.