我国外来物种入侵的民事责任——从《民法总则》中“绿色原则”角度看

Analysis of Civil liability for Alien Species Invasion in China——From the perspective of "Green Principle" in General Rules of Civil Law

外来物种入侵早已是一个不可回避的全球性问题。我国《民法总则》第九条规定:"民事主体从事民事活动,应当有利于节约资源、保护生态环境。"该条文被称作"绿色原则"。将"绿色原则"作为民法这部社会百科全书的基本原则,体现了我国环境治理的决心,也对后期的立法工作起到了指导性作用。本文以我国《民法总则》中"绿色原则"的纳入为契机,分析了在"绿色原则"的角度下,我国外来物种入侵的缔约过失责任、违约责任、侵权责任三种主要民事责任的承担及后期的立法建议。但法律不是万能的,在完善我国法律规范的同时,也要建立完善的金融保障机制,另外也需要建立控制外来物种入侵的技术支持体系。

Alien species invasion is already an inevitable global problem. Article 9 of the General Rules of Civil Law stipulates that ＂civil subjects engaged in civil activities should be conducive to saving resources and protecting the ecological environment.＂ The article is called the ＂Green Principle＂. The ＂Green Principle＂ as the basic principle of Civil Law which is called an encyclopedia reflects the determination of environmental governance in China,and it also plays a guiding role in the later legislative work.This paper will base on ＂Green Principle＂ in General Rules of Civil Law,and analyse three main types of civil liability： liability for fault,liability for breach of contract,liability for infringement,and legislatioin proposal in the later stage from the perspective of ＂Green Principle＂ in China. However,the law is not omnipotent,and it is necessary to establish a sound financial safeguard mechanism while improving the legal norms of our country. Besides,we need to establish a technical support system to control the invasion of alien species.