大市场监管模式下基层食品安全监管能力分析——以江西省为例

The status quo and countermeasure analysis on grass-roots food safety supervision ability under the large market supervision model: A case study in Jiangxi Province

目的:了解机构改革后大市场监管模式下江西省基层食品安全监管能力现状。方法:采用普查法,调查江西省822个乡镇市场监督管理分局的基本情况和房屋建设、装备资源、人力资源情况。结果:共有基层监管人员5 917名,监管对象总数为42万家,平均每名监管人员承担71家的现场检查任务。总体房屋面积达标率为62.9%,装备配备率8.48%;装备达标率仅为4.89%。男女比例4.08∶1;年龄段以45~55岁为主;具有大专以上占78%,食品医药类专业仅占到7.3%。结论:大市场监管模式下基层乡镇力量虽然有了明显增加,但存在装备严重不足、监管人员老化、专业能力不强等问题,需加大财政投入,推行基层所标准化建设,合理制定专业人才引进计划,强化顶层设计。

Objective： To understand the status quo and countermeasure mechanism of grass-roots food safety supervision capabilities under the supervision of macro-market after the reform of Management Bureau of Food Safety Supervision in Jiangxi Province. Methods： The survey adopted the Census method to investigate the basic situation of822 township market supervision and Management Bureau in Jiangxi province as the research object. The research content involves the following four aspects： the basic situation,housing construction,equipment and human resources,and thorough analysis and research of the survey results. Results： In total,there were 5917 supervision staff and 420 thousands supervision objects. On average,each supervisor undertook 71 on-site inspection tasks. The findings indicate that 517 townships had reached the construction standards with compliance rate in the overall housing area being 62. 9%. There were a total of 4949 kinds of equipment with equipment allocation rate being 8. 48% and equipment compliance rate being only 4. 89%. The proportion of male and female was 4. 08： 1; the average age of workers was 45. 09 taken the age group of 45 ~ 55 years old; a class of which 78% of practitioners have higher than junior college（ including college） education,and 7. 3% who majored in the food and medicine. Conclusions： The number of regulators at the grass-roots level,supervisors and the official business houses obviously increased,but there are still some problems including a serious shortage of equipment,the aging of supervisors or regulatory personnel,and the lack of professional competence. It is suggested that the government should revise the organization to unify the character,increase the financial means of the grass-roots supervision team,personnel identity attribution,and so on. In order to increase financial investment,carry out standardization in construction at the grass-roots level,scientifically and rationally divide the regulatory powers,make reasonable plans for the introduction and training of food professionals,and vigorously strengthen the grass-roots regulatory capacity. In addition,we should strengthen the construction of the food safety supervision professional team from the top level design.