贫困、疾病及精准健康扶贫政策:基于贫困居民生命质量评价

Poverty,disease and health poverty alleviation policy: Based on quality of life evaluation for the poor residents

目的:将生命质量评价引入精准健康识别与干预政策中,通过比较不同类别贫困居民生命质量特征,揭示扶贫对象各维度现状,为完善精准健康扶贫政策提供参考。方法:评价工具采用WHOQOL-BREF量表,通过入户调查方式收集数据,采用t检验分析与中国常模数据进行比较。结果:贫困居民其人群分布表现为男性(71.7%)多于女性,年龄普遍偏大(平均55岁)。贫困居民与中国常模比较,健康组和疾病组的生命质量评价评分均显著低于中国常模的对照组,说明贫困对于居民生命质量评价的负面影响十分显著。不论处于何种收入水平,健康贫困居民总体评价均高于患病贫困居民。对于患病贫困居民而言,收入越高、其心理和总体评价越好;反之亦然。结论:健康对于贫困居民总体评价具有显著正影响、而患病对于贫困居民总体评价具有显著负影响。收入提高对于患病贫困居民的心理和总体评价改善有效。

Objective： To introduce the quality of life evaluation into the policies of accurate health identification and intervention. By comparing different poor residents＇ life quality characteristics,the current situation of poverty alleviation objects in all dimensions was revealed,which provided references for improving the health poverty alleviation policy. Methods： The WHOQOL-BREF scale was adopted as the evaluation tool. It collects data through household survey method,and compares it with Chinese standard data using t-test analysis. Results： The distribution of the population of poor residents with respect to gender shows that males are more than women（ 71. 7% of poor male residents）,and the age is generally large（ average age 55） which implies that the majority of poor residents is located in the elderly people. Compared with the Chinese standard of the control group,two sample groups of poor residents＇ life quality evaluation scores,namely the sample group（ health） and sample group（ disease）,were significantly lower. This indicates that the negative impact of poverty on residents＇ life quality evaluation is very significant.Regardless the income segment,the overall evaluation indicated that healthy and poor residents were higher than those who were sick. For the sick and impoverished residents,it was found that the higher the income the better their psychological and overall evaluation and vice versa. Conclusions： Having healthy life has a significantly positive impact on the overall evaluation of poor residents while getting sick has significantly negative influence thereof. The increase in income effectively improved for the psychological and overall evaluation of sick and impoverished residents.