核酸适体及其在环境检测中的应用

Aptamers and their applications in environmental detection

核酸适体是通过体外筛选获得的短链DNA或RNA序列,是一种能与多种目标物质结合的生物识别分子。核酸适体具有高特异性、强稳定性及易于修饰等优势,近年来在环境检测领域得到了广泛的发展与应用。详细介绍了核酸适体的结构特点、体外筛选法及近年来在环境污染物检测中的应用情况。核酸适体可结合不同的分析技术实现重金属、有机污染物、生物毒素等环境污染物的高效灵敏检测。

Aptamers are short oligonucleotides（DNA or RNA）obtained in vitro screening,which can be combined with wide range of targets as bio-recognition molecules.Due to high specificity,selectivity,stability and other advantages,aptamers have been widely developed and applied in the field of environmental detection recently.The structure characters and in vitro screening methods of aptamers were introduced,and the applications in environmental detection were reviewed.Efficient and sensitive detection of heavy metals,organic pollutants,biotoxins and other environmental pollutants could be achieved combining aptamers with different analytical techniques.