远海溢油应急策略研究

Study on the Emergency Strategy of Oil Spill in Distant Sea

在远海海域开展石油勘探开发风险极大,一旦发生事故,不但造成人员和财产损失,而且伴随着溢油事故,还会造成海洋及沿海环境的破坏。文章描述了海域划分、定义及特点。指出远海石油勘探开发具有受海洋环境影响大、高风险、高投资、需求人员素质高等特点。针对高风险特点做出了具体描述,包括井喷、火灾爆炸、船舶溢油、管道泄漏等多个风险。文章针对溢油风险进行研究,提出应急处置原则,分别做出溢油跟踪、溢油围控、溢油清除及后勤保障的处置策略,同时对应急所需物质提出要求,为远海溢油处置提供技术支持。

It is very risky to carry out oil exploration in distant sea.Once an accident occurs,not only the loss of personnel and property is caused,but also the accident of oil spill will cause great damage to the marine and coastal environment.This paper describes the division,definition and characteristics of sea areas.It is pointed out that the exploration and development of distant offshore petroleum have the characteristics of serious influenced by marine environment,high risk,high investment and high quality of personnel.It describes highrisk features,including blowout,fire and explosion,oil spills and leaks.According to the risk of oil spill,the paper puts forward the principles of emergency disposal,including the disposal strategy of oil spill tracking,oil spill control,oil spill removal and logistics support,and the requirements of the substances needed in the emergency.It provides technical support for distant offshore oil spill disposal.