大江健三郎《人羊》中“羊”的多重隐喻和自由哲学阐释

The Multiple Meaning of Sheep Metaphor and The Interpretation of Liberal Philosophy in Oe Kenzaburo's Novel Human Sheep

小说《人羊》是大江健三郎以美国占领为背景的文学作品。作为一部存在主义文学,"羊"的隐喻意义是解读这部作品的关键。结合人物话语视角的变化可以发现,"羊"在不同人物视角之下具有"他者"、"臣服者"、"牺牲者"等多重隐喻,并且,这些隐喻意象中蕴含着丰富的自由哲学思想。大江健三郎通过"人变成羊"的故事不仅批判了占领社会对国民自由的戕害,同时提出了保持革命的积极自由和消极自由的观点。

The novel Human Sheep is Oe Kenzaburo＇s literary work in the context of American occupation. As an existential literary work, the metaphorical meaning of ＂sheep＂ is the key to the interpretation. This paper investigates the animal images of ＂sheep＂ according to the change of characters＇ perspective in the discourses, finds that the ＂sheep＂ in this novel has got multiple metaphorical meanings such as ＂the other＂, ＂surrender＂, and ＂victim＂. And these metaphorical images have contained rich philosophical thoughts about liberty. Through the ＂man become sheep＂ story, Oe Kenzaburo has not only criticized the harm of American occupation society to national freedom, but also made the points that we should keep positive and negative freedom in revolution.