叶面锌肥对春小麦的富锌效应及锌素吸收分配的影响

Effect of foliar zinc fertilizer on Zn-enrich of spring wheat and Zn-element absorption and distribution

通过田间试验,研究了春小麦锌素在体内的吸收分配运转规律及叶面锌肥的影响。结果表明:(1)春小麦全株锌素含量在生育期中呈下降趋势。喷施锌肥后,全株锌素含量平均46.8 mg/kg,比对照提高44%;各器官锌素含量的顺序为:叶>籽粒>颖壳>茎。不同器官锌素的富集效应不同,顺序依次为:叶>茎>颖壳>籽粒;(2)春小麦全株锌素吸收量呈S形曲线增长。出苗后40~70 d是锌吸收量最多、吸收速率最快的时期,也是锌素营养最大效率期,是施锌肥的关键时期。(3)在叶面喷施锌肥(Zn)715 g/hm^2条件下,成熟期锌肥利用率为19.6%。(4)随着生长中心由营养器官向生殖器官的转移,锌素在体内分布也逐渐由茎叶向籽粒转移。叶面锌肥成熟期锌素收获指数为36%,比对照下降9.5个百分点。(5)在抽穗期喷施1次锌肥,锌肥(Zn)用量在0.24~0.72 kg/hm^2,籽粒锌素含量达35.0~41.5 mg/kg,基本达到富锌目标;在拔节期和抽穗期喷施锌肥2次时,锌肥用量在0.69~1.18 kg/hm^2,籽粒锌含量可达42.0~49.0 mg/kg,达到高标准的富锌目标。

By field experiment, zinc absorption dist ribution and effects of zinc fertilizer of spring wheat were studied.The results showed zinc content was gradually decreased during growth season, and zinc average content was at 46.8 mg/kg after spraying zinc fertilizer, it was 44% compared to CK; The order average concentration at different organs was leavesgrainsshell stems, zinc-enrich rule of different organs was leaves stem shell grains; The zinc uptake of whole plant of spring wheat increased in an s-shaped curve. At 40-70 d after seedling emergence, it was the period of maximum zinc absorption and the fastest rate of zinc was also the period of maximum efficiency of zinc nutrition and the critical period of zinc fertilizer application; Under the condition of spraying zinc fertilizer（Zn） 715 g/hm^2 on the leaf surface, the utilization rate of zinc fertilizer at maturity stage was 19.6%; With the transfer of the growth center from the vegetative organ to the reproductive organ, the distribution of Zn in the body is gradually transferred from stem and leaf to seed. The yield index of Zn in leaf zinc fertilizer was 36%, down by 9.5 percentage points compared with the control group; Apply zinc fertilizer once at the heading stage, and the dosage of zinc fertilizer（Zn） is 0.24 ~0.72 kg/hm^2, and the content of zinc in seeds reached35.0 ~41.5 mg/kg, basically reaching the goal of zinc enrichment. When zinc fertilizer was sprayed twice during the jointing stage and heading stage, the amount of zinc fertilizer was between 0.69 ~1.18 kg/hm^2, and the zinc content of seeds could reach 42.0~49.0 mg/kg, reaching a high standard of zinc enrichment.