古代墓志文的当世传播及其影响

The Contemporary Transmission of the Ancient Epitaph and Its Influence

墓志文的当世传播是指墓志文在产生及稍后的时代里,以稿本、录本或埋圹前所拓拓本形态存世而进行的传播。墓主至亲、撰文者、书丹者是最基本的墓志文传播主体,他们出于显亲扬名、传世信后、抒发哀情、劝世励俗等目的传播墓志文。前期的墓志传播以写本为主,拓印技术成熟、卷轴书画格式的形成与应用、雕版印刷的普及等,拓宽了墓志文的传播途径,借助这些技术,原来仅靠写本留世的墓志文的传播变得多元而丰富。在此背景下,撰者、亲属、友朋之间客观上形成了一股互相监督、约束、补充的力量,使撰者撰文、亲属刻石等都不能"一意孤行"。墓志文的一些叙事特点正是在这些复杂的牵扯、融合、替代中生成的。

The contemporary transmission of the epitaph is the spread of the epitaph in the generating and later years in the forms of manuscripts, records or book of rubbings made before putting it into the tomb. The close relatives, the writers and the carvers are the most basic disseminators of epitaph, and they propagate the epitaph for purpose of honouring family name and prestige, handing down to later generations, expressing the grief, advising the populace and so on. In the early stage, the transmission of epitaph is mainly based on the transcripts. Then, with the help of some techniques such as the maturity of rubbing technology, the formation and application of scroll painting, the popularization of engraving printing and the like, the propagation route of epitaph becomes diverse and abundant. Under such background, the writer, the relatives and friends objectively formed a system of mutual supervision, restriction and supplementation, which lead to the fact that either of them cannot act willfully in writing or engraving epitaph. Therefore, some of epitaph＇s narrative features have been generated in these complicated actions as interplay, fusion and substitution.